The High Efficient Agricultural Modes And Its Effects In Loess Plateau

With the development of economy and the improvement of people’s living standard,people’s vegetable consumption is also rising. The cultivated area was expanded unceasinglyin greenhouse, and the vegetables production was developed rapidly in China, facilityagriculture has become the representative of the development of high-efficiency agriculturemodel. Aiming at the fact of vegetables yield and quality decreasing due to unreasonableirrigation in the agricultural production. Therefore, continued study of vegetable watermanagement has important theoretical and practical significance to improve the yield andquality of vegetable. In this paper, take cucumber as an example. At the same time, the effectsof different water treatments on soil respiration was studied. In order to provide a referencefor energy-saving and emission reduction in agricultural production.The experiment was done base on two cultivation methods﹝solar greenhouse（G），openfield（O）﹞and three soil moisture levels﹝soil relative water content were50%～60%（W1）,70%～80%（W2）,90%～100%（W3)﹞, cucumber of No.4Jinchun was selected toinvestigate the effects of cultivation methods and soil moisture on cucumber yield, fruitquality, water use efficiency, photosynthetic characteristics, soil respiration. The resultsshowed that:(1) Under the same cultivation method, the higher root-shoot ratio, but the lower plantbiomass and crop yields when cucumber in lower soil moisture. Water consumption increasedwith increasing soil moisture content, the lower soil moisture was helpful for improving wateruse efficiency (WUE); The lower soil moisture, the higher vitamin C(Vc), soluble sugar,protein content and soluble solid content, which indicated that lower soil moisture contentwas benefit for improving cucumber fruit quality. Although which can get higher yield underhigh water treatment, but the quality was not good. The fruit quality was good under lowwater treatment, and its yield was relatively low. Therefore, keeping the70%-80%of the soilmoisture content on the yield and quality of plants was more appropriate; Under the same soilwater content, compared with the open field, the lower root-shoot ratio, but the plant biomassand the crop yields were higher under the solar greenhouse; The fruit nutrition quality wasbetter under the open field condition than under the solar greenhouse.(2) From the diurnal variation of photosynthesis, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were increased with the increase of soil water; The netphotosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of intermediate watertreatment and high water treatment showed a double-peak curve, while the low watertreatment showed a single-peak curve. The first peak reached at11:00a.m., the second peakoccurs at15:00p.m. Relative to the greenhouse cultivation, net photosynthetic rate was higherunder open field cultivation, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and netphotosynthetic rate of cucumber leave were showing consistency.(3) When the soil moisture content increased, soil respiration rate also increasedaccordingly during the whole growing season. Soil moisture was the main factor to affect thechange of soil respiration rate, when the soil moisture content was90%-100%, the soilrespiration rate was the highest. The highest value of greenhouse and open field soilrespiration rate was in July7th. Overall, the soil respiration rate under open field was higherthan that in greenhouse; The diurnal variation of soil respiration rate changed significantlyunder open field condition, it showed a single-peak curve which presented at14:00p.m., andthe diurnal variation trend of soil respiration under greenhouse conditions similar to openfield.(4)Under the greenhouse and open field conditions, the correlation analysis between soilrespiration rate and environmental factors showed that: the soil respiration rate and airtemperature and soil temperature (5cm Department) showed a positive correlation, and madea negative correlation with the relative humidity of the air. The correlation based on soilrespiration and yield, water consumption and root dry weight was analyzed. Soil respirationrate showed a negative correlation with yield, and showed a positive correlation with thewater consumption and root dry weight.