| In this paper we choose corn straw as main substrate ingredient whichformatived by biological fermentation,blend with other media distribution, used forplanting petunias and geranium, observe its growth performance, and thedetermination of physiological index, aimed at screening of low-cost substrate insteadof lime.At present, because of lacking of the related technical standard in corn stoversubstrate processing production,the large-scale production of corn straw has not beenformed in our country.In this paper,we choose the general ornamental plant petunias,geranium as test materials, cultivated in four different processing maize strawsubstrate cultivation （treatment1：maize straw substrate: peat: vermiculite=1:3:3;treatment2：maize straw substrate: peat: vermiculite=1:2:2; treatment3：maizestraw substrate: peat: vermiculite=1:1:1; treatment4：maize straw substrate: peat:vermiculite=2:1:2). The soil cultivation was contrast.Studying the effects on growthof petunias, geranium in different treatment of maize straw,by determining plantphysiological indexes (chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,root activity, leaf metabolites content and its related enzyme activity and carboncontent of leaf nitrogen metabolites and its related enzyme activity) in differentprocessing.The main results were as follows:(1) The results of chlorophyll content of petunias and geranium of maize strawsubstrate showed that the chlorophyll content of petunias and geranium in differentprocessing during the test period presented a change trend of increased first and thenreduced, the lowest in June, peak in August and September began to decline, amongthem, the chlorophyll content of petunias in treatment1(maize straw substrate: peat:vermiculite=1:3:3) was higher than other treatment, compared with contral it hadsignificant difference, the chlorophyll content of geranium in treatment3(maize strawsubstrate: peat: vermiculite=1:1:1) was the highest, it also had significant differencewith contral.(2) The study of root activity of petunias, geranium showed that the root active ofpetunias in treatment1(maize straw substrate: peat: vermiculite=1:3:3) was the mostactivety and significant difference was found by compared with contrast; the root active of geranium in treatment3(maize straw substrate: peat: vermiculite=1:1:1)was higher than other treatments, and had significant difference with contrast,the rootactivity presented a saddle change trend in the test period, the lowest in June, highestin August and September began to decline, which is consistent with the changes ofeach processing of plant growth.(3) Study with the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of petunias, geranium,theresults showed that the initial fluorescence Fo, variable fluorescence Fvwere presenteda change trend of increased first and then reduced, throughout the test period,in June,July and August Fowas a rising trend, to the maximum in August.In September, asthe chlorophyll content and the influence of the external environment changed, itbegan to decline. From June to August the changes of Fv/Fm was small, the growth ofselected plant was in a good condition. in September,by the effects of externalenvironment (temperature, light intensity, water),all processing showed a trend ofdecline. Integrated all fluorescence parameters analysis we found that the chlorophyllfluorescence parameters in petunias treatment1, and geranium treatment3was betterthan other treatment, and had significant difference with contral.(4) Study with the changes of arbohydrate content of geranium and petunias leaves indifferent treatment and different periods,we found that the content of all indexes waspresented a change trend of increased first and then reduced,except starch.In allprocessing, all indexes of petunias in treatment1, geranium in treatment3were higherthan other processing, with significant difference. Starch in accumulating state duringthe test period, sucrose, glucose, fructose content changes and plant growth conditionsare consistent, in June, the lowest and highest in August and September began toreduce.(5) The study of carbon metabolism related enzyme activity of geranium and petuniasleaves showed that in June to July, the sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphatesynthetase in the leaves and the activity of acid invertase and neutral invertase,showed a trend of rising and speed in July to August, the peak in August,untilSeptember began to reduce, the enzyme activity of petunias in treatment1was higherthan other treatment, it had a significant difference with contral, the same as geraniumin treatment3.(6)Study with the content change of soluble protein, free amino acid and nitratenitrogen of geranium and petunias leaves,we found that the cotent of soluble proteinpresented a rising trend during the trial period.The cotent of free amino acid and nitrate nitrogen at a trend of accumulation in June to August, to achieve the highestlevel in August and began to decline in September. Compared with all processing,thecontent of soluble protein, free amino acid and nitrate nitrogen in petunias treatment1and geranium treatment3were the highest,and it also had significant difference withcontral.(7)The study of nitrate reductase activity of geranium and petunias leaves showed thatthe nitrate reductase activity of the selected plant rised slowly in June to July,and inJuly to August rised rapidly,reached the highest level in August, the nitrate reductaseactivity of petunias in treatment1, geranium in treatment3was the hightest of all,ithad significant difference with other processing,and other processing also hadsignificant difference with contral.Comprehensive analysis all physiological indexes we found that the selectedplant growth and development in June, all the parts of the plant organ developmentwas not very perfect, leaf photosynthesis was weak, the ability of root system toabsorb nutrients and utilization was also weak,so the plant’s ability of carbon andnitrogen metabolites was weak. July to August was the active period of plant, themetabolism of pant was very activity,in order to constantly improve and perfect thefunction of each part of the plant, a variety of elements and nitrogen wereaccumulated all the time, until August, various physiological indicators have reachedthe highest level, the leaf of plant was mature,and the photosynthesis and transpirationwas more intense, plant’s root development more completely, the moisture andnutrient absorption and utilization ability was stronger,this period was the mostvigorous of plant growth. In September, due to the changes external environment(temperature, light intensity, moisture) impacted on plant growth,all physiologicalindicators of plant was in varying degrees of decline,except starch and soluble protein.In all processing, the physiological index of petunias in treatment1and geranium intreatment3was higher than other treatments, significant difference, therefore,treatment1and3could be a ideal matrix for the growth of petunias and geranium. |
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