Textual Criticism On Pinus Bungeana Plant Culture And Investigation And Analysis Of Its Ancient Tree Resources In He-Luo Area

Pinus bungeana is evergreen arbor species which belongs to Pinaceae, Pinus. It’s rare species unique to China and can only be found in certain areas in our country. Pinus bungeana is identified by pink bark, needle3per bundle and umbo dorsal. The antique and rare trees experience many vicissitudes and survive till now. It is very precious natural recourse which is regarded as green fossil and live cultural relic. They are significant for ecology, social economy, scientific research, history and culture. In this paper, we mainly study ancient Pinus bungeana. We systematically verify the origin and development of its plant culture. With investigation of ancient Pinus bungeana in He-Luo area, we analyse their statues with botanical and molecular method. Our research may serve as the reference for protection of ancient Pinus bungeana and development of its social and cultural values. The results indicate that:1、The origin and development of plant culture of Pinus bungeana after the Tang Dynasty is unveiled through plant textual research. The plant culture of lacebark pine was originated from the Tang Dynasty and began with appreciation selection of this species. The main content including herbal medicine selection, appreciation selection and totem selection took shape during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The scope of the plant culture of Pinus bungeana had been greatly expanded including scientific plant nomination, plant introduction, herbal medicine, edibleness and plant science research since the Middle Qing Dynasty. The study of plant culture helps us draw the conclusion that Pinus bungeana appreciation is suggested to be the main dominant part of its plant culture. Ancient trees, gardens and architectures relating to this plant culture should be well preserved. Moreover, the scope of this plant culture should be extended further by modern biotechnique application and traditional culture research.2、The status of Pinus bungeana which belongs to the first class national protected ancient trees is investigated by field survey. The data of distribution, tree ages, approximate height, trunk circumference, crown breadth, growth altitude, and cultural tales has been collected. Through their characteristics and growth statue, we classify the ancient Pinus bungeana in He-Luo area into five levels:vigorous growth, general growth, weak growth, close to death, death. Also we give four suggestions on the protection approaches based on the living environment and interference factors. Furthermore, the modern biotechnique application and traditional culture research are combined to investigate the status of ancient Pinus bungeana in He-Luo area.3、The ITS-2sequences, which range from430bp to436bp is obtained by molecular sequencing from20Pinus bungeana in He-Luo area. The GC contents of the20sequences are within the range of55.4%-56.38%and the average GC content is55.98%. The identity reaches97.61%, the homology coefficient is98.1%-100%. Acient Pinus bungeana in He-Luo area shows high similarity with acient Pinus bungeana in beijing and young trees. So we infer that the ITS-2sequence of Pinus bungeana remains quite conserved regardless of growth area and time. What’s more, our data indicate that the ITS-2sequence shows a certain level of diversity among different genus or the same genus but different species. Comparing with the Pinus thunbergii and Cedrus deodara, the consistency of the ITS-2is96.84%and95.28%, the homology coefficient is93.0%-93.7%and73.9%-74.7%. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS-2sequences using MP method indicates that they are separated into two groups. One is Cedrus, the other one is Pinus. In the Pinus group, Pinus thunbergii forms one subgroup, Pinus bungeana constitutes another subgroup. In the Pinus bungeana subgroup, young Pinus bungeana and ancient Pinus bungeana belong to two separated branches.