Study On The Requirements Of Thaimin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B₆and Inositol For Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus Vannamei

In the present study, feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the requirements of thiamin, pantothenic acid,vitamin B6and inositol for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and evaluated the effect ongrowth performance, feed efficiency, and non-specific immune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp.Theresults can be briefly summarized as follows:1.This study evaluated the effect of dietary thiamin on growth performance, feed utilization andnon-specificimmune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidicpractical diets (41%crude protein and8%crude lipid) were formulated with graded thiamin levels of6.9,32.7,54.2,78.1,145.1and301.5mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groupsof30juvenile shrimp (approximately0.5±0.00g). Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of theshrimp were significantly influenced by the dietary thiamin levels (P<0.05), the maximal WG and SGR occurredat54.2mg/kg dietary thiamin level. However, with further increase of dietary thiamin level from54.2to301.5mg/kg, the WG and SGR significantly decreased (P<0.05).Shrimp fed the54.2mg/kg thiamin diet exhibitedhigher feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value than those fed the other diets. Drymatter and protein content in whole-body were significantly affected by the dietary thiamin levels(P>0.05).Thiamin concentration in hepatopancras significantly increased when the dietary thiamin level increasedfrom6.9to145.1mg/kg (P<0.05). The total protein, glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol contents inhemolymph were not significantly affected by the dietary thiamin levels (P>0.05). Dietary thiamin hadsignificantly influenced superoxide dismutase, catalase and lysozyme activities in hemolymph (P<0.05). Resultsof this study indicated that the optimal dietary thiamin requirements estimated using a two-slope broken-linemodel based on WG was44.66mg/kg.2.This study evaluated the effect of dietary pantothenic acid on growth performance, feed utilization andnon-specific immune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous andisolipidic practical diets (41%crude protein and8%crude lipid) were formulated with graded pantothenic acidlevels of20.9,69.3,99.0,150.2,304.4and513.6mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assignedto triplicate groups of40juvenile shrimp (approximately0.73±0.00g). Feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiencyratio (PER) and protein productive value were significantly influenced by the dietary pantothenic acid levels(P<0.05), and shrimp fed the69.3mg/kg-150.2mg/kg pantothenic acid diet exhibited higher the FE,PER and PPVthan those fed the un-supplement diet. However, weight gain and specific growth rate of the shrimp were notsignificantly influenced by the dietary pantothenic acid levels (P>0.05). Survival of the shrimp was significantlyinfluenced by the dietary pantothenic acid levels (P<0.05), and shrimp fed the un-supplement group showed lowersurvival than those fed the other diets. The composition of whole body and muscle in the juvenile L. vannameiwere not significantly affected by the dietary pantothenic acid levels (P>0.05). Glucose content in the hemolymphwas significantly affected by the dietary pantothenic acid level (P<0.05), and the maximal glucose contentoccurred at150.2mg/kg pantothenic acid diet. Moreover, the minimum triacylglycerol content also occurred at150.2mg/kg pantothenic acid diet, whereas total protein and cholesterol concentrations showed no significant differences in this experiment (P>0.05). In addition, the activity of malondialdehyde content, superoxidedismutase and total antioxidant capacity in the hemolymph were significantly influenced by dietary pantothenicacid levels (P<0.05), whereas catalase activity in the hemolymph showed no significant differences in thisexperiment (P>0.05). Results of this study indicated that the optimal dietary pantothenic acid requirementsestimated using a two-slope broken-line model based on feed efficiency was102.07mg/kg.3.This study evaluated the effect of dietary vitamin B6on growth performance, feed utilization andnon-specific immune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous andisolipidic practical diets (41%crude protein and8%crude lipid) were formulated with graded vitamin B6levels of2.6,32.7,54.8,90.7,119.6and247.4mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicategroups of40juvenile shrimp (approximately1.0±0.00g). Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) ofthe shrimp were significantly influenced by the dietary vitamin B6levels (P<0.05), the maximal WG and SGRoccurred at119.6mg/kg dietary vitamin B6level. However, with further increase of dietary vitamin B6level from119.6to247.4mg/kg, the WG and SGR were not significantly influenced (P>0.05).Shrimp fed the119.6mg/kgthiamin diet exhibited higher feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value than those fedthe other diets. Dry matter and protein content in whole-body were significantly affected by the dietary vitamin B6levels (P<0.05). Vitamin B6concentration in hepatopancreas significantly increased when the dietary vitamin B6level increased from2.6mg/kg to32.7mg/kg (P<0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the hemolymphwas significantly affected by the dietary vitamin B6level (P<0.05) and it improved with the dietary vitamin B6levels increasing from2.6mg/kg to90.7mg/kg diet, whereas the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, totalcholesterol, glucose and total protein concentrations showed no significant differences in this experiment (P>0.05).The activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase,superoxide dismutase, catalase and lysozymein the hemolymph was significantly influenced by dietary vitamin B6levels (P<0.05). Results of this studyindicated that the optimal dietary vitamin B6requirements estimated using a two-slope broken-line model basedon weight gain was110.39mg/kg.4.This study evaluated the effect of dietary inositol on growth performance, feed utilization and non-specificimmune response for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidicpractical diets (42.0%crude protein and8.5%crude lipid) were formulated with graded inositol levels of110,980,1700,3300,6400and13400mg/kg of dry diet, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groupsof40juvenile shrimp(approximately0.28±0.00g). Survival of the shrimp was significantly influenced by thedietary inositol levels, the minimum occurred at the un-supplement group. Weight gain (WG),specific growth rate(SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the shrimp were not significantly influenced bythe dietary inositol levels (P>0.05), but the minimum WG,SGR,FE and PER were shrimp fed the un-supplementdiet. The composition of whole body and muscle in the juvenile L. vannamei were not significantly affected by thedietary inositol levels (P>0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triacylglycerol and total cholesterol concentrations in the hemolymph were significantly affected by the dietaryinositol levels (P<0.05) and the minimum occurred at the un-supplement group. Malondialdehyde content andcatalase activity in the Hepatopancreas were significantly affected by the dietary inositol levels (P<0.05), whereassuperoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity in the hepatopancreas showed no significantdifferences in this experiment (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanineaminotransferase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in the hemolymph were significantlyinfluenced by dietary inositol level, whereas malondialdehyde content and catalase activity in the hemolymphshowed no significant differences in this experiment. Results of this study indicated that the optimal dietaryinositol requirements estimated using a two-slope broken-line model based on survival was1181.54mg/kg.