Ammonia Volatilization Characteristics And Nitrogen Transformation Of Different Kinds Of High-nitrogen Compound Fertilizers

Northeast China is the largest maize production base, in recent years, with thedevelopment of high nitrogen compound fertilizers and new fertilizers, single basal fertilizationevolved as the main fertilization way of maize planting in Northeast China. Currently the rate ofnew fertilizers in single basal fertilization in Northeast China was increasing. In the samenutrient conditions, the effects on yield increasing and ammonia volatilization characteristics ofdifferent types of new fertilizers were not clear. Therefore, the effects on soil ammoniavolatilization, nitrogen residues and nitrogen balance of different high nitrogen compoundfertilizers with single basal fertilization were researched by test method which is a combinationof field and indoor cultivation in order to supply theory base on reasonable fertilization and Nloss decreasing. The main results were as follows：1、From filed experiment, the yields with nitrogen treatments were significantly higherthan that with N0treatment, but there was no significant difference among different Ntreatments, the yield level is between12197kg/ha and12899kg/ha; in terms of nitrogen uptakeand utilization, compared with conventional fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer, ureaformaldehyde fertilizer and stability fertilizers can promote plant nitrogen absorption andutilization, apparent nitrogen utilization rate increased to38.1~86.6%.2、The controlled release fertilizer, urea formaldehyde fertilizer and stability fertilizers caneffectively delay and restrain ammonia volatilization. Compared with conventional fertilization,three kinds of new fertilizer can reduce timing ammonia volatilization flux from17.0%to21.9%，ammonia volatilization rate decreased by46.0%~58.5%，ammonia volatilization lossreduced9.0~11.5kgN/ha, but there was no significant difference among the three kinds offertilizers on time ammonia volatilization flux, ammonia volatilization loss rate, loss of soilammonia volatilization.3、Compared with conventional fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer, urea formaldehydefertilizers and stability fertilizers can effectively reduce the apparent loss from21to51kg/ha，reduce nitrogen surplus from15.3to37.1kg/ha，effectively maintain soil inorganic nitrogencontent and ensure the soil nitrogen supply during maize growing period.4、the results of cultivation experiment were shown that under same conditions of soilmoisture and temperature, soil ammonia volatilization rate was significantly positivelycorrelated with soil pH, the phenomenon was chernozem>black soil> albic soil. Ammoniavolatilization conditions of different types of fertilizers were varied in the three kinds of soils. Controlled release fertilizer, stability fertilizers and packages fertilizer can effectively delaytime occurring of soil ammonia volatilization; high tower granulation and urea formaldehydefertilizers can effectively reduced the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization.5、Transformation of nitrogen fertilizer in the soils mainly affected by soil pH and soiltexture. In this experiment, the order of soil nitrification ability in the three kinds of soil ischernozem>albic soil>black soil; stability fertilizers can delay and restrain the transformationfrom NH4+-N to NO3--N, obviously reduce soil ammonia volatilization loss.In summary, the new fertilizers are the relatively ideal fertilizations which can befavorable for nitrogen uptake; improve nitrogen fertilization use efficiency, delay and restrainsoil nitrification and reduce soil ammonia volatilization loss.