Research Of Emergency Evacuation In Urban Rail Transit Station

Urban rail transit is an important measure to relieve the pressure of ground traffic in major cities all over the world because of its less space occupation, huge capacity and environmental protection. Passenger flow and the scale of transit network extend continuously. Station is the important area for passenger to gather and distribute in urban rail transit system while there is a big security risk for high passenger flow density and complex streamline. It’s the key content in station operation organization to ensure that everyone can be evacuated to the safe position rapidly in emergency circumstances. It is of great significance in guaranteeing passenger safety to improve reasonable station emergency evacuation strategy considering station facilities and emergency situation.This thesis establishes a model of evacuation plan for urban rail transit station based on facilities division and pedestrian movement rule research according to emergency position. It is mainly studied in the following aspects.First, this thesis defines evacuation for urban rail transit station and analyses the characteristics and category of its application scenarios which reflects the importance and necessarity of evacuation plan. The station facility layout is analyzed and classified for its characteristics. Evacuation standards for urban rail transit station of China and the United States is compared and evaluated.Then, the influence factors and reaction mechanism of the pedestrian safety behavior is studied with pedestrian in the station being considered as the object, regularity and characteristics of pedestrian movement is summarized from the macroscopic and microscopic aspects. The calculation method of facilities service level and evacuation capacity is put forward.Third, establish the station emergency evacuation plan and take the emergency location as the breakthrough point. Emergency evacuation strategy is discussed from evacuees, safety position and facility state while the station area is divided into four parts. An effective evacuation path search algorithm is proposed with reference to Dijkstra algorithm and branch search method. According to the result of path search, this thesis puts forward passenger flow distribution method based on evacuation time and path evacuation capacity. Analyze the procedure of emergency development and put forward a calculation method of evacuation time while take fire as an example. Guide points selection rules and guide methods are discussed base on the above research. Finally, Fuxingmen station is taken as an example to validate the model. The data from field investigation is used to fit the curve of pedestrian movement rule and to calculate the capacity of station facilities. Set different emergency situations, the thesis searches effective evacuation path, generates emergency evacuation strategy and calculates the overall evacuation time. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, use AnyLogic to simulate the evacuation plan under different circumstances and take compare of calculation result and simulation result.