Research On The Scheduling Of Electric Buses :Taking Carbon Emission Rights Trading Into Consideration

The development of automobile industry brings great convenience to people’s lives as well as serious environmental pollution. To address the problem, popularizing public transport is widely acknowledged by the countries throughout the world as an important means. Bus makes up a great part of the public transportation systems of modern cities, but urban air contaminants mainly source from the exhaust from traditional energy buses at the same time. Compared with traditional energy bus, electric bus is favorably received owing to such advantages as stability, low noise and “zero-emission” in driving whereas it is far from satisfactory for “zero-emission” in terms of the life cycle carbon emissions from the electricity generation is taken into account. Therefore, for the purpose of properly formulating the policies for new energy bus promotion and operation as well as relieving the present situation of traffic jams and environmental deterioration in Chinese cities, it’s of great significance to formulate reasonably economic scheduling schemes and maximize the carbon emission reduction from the operation of electric buses.In this paper, the technical characteristics of various types of new energy buses, especially electric bus, are reviewed. According to the “National Certified Emission Reduction Methodology” issued by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC), the accounting method of carbon emission reduction is discussed and a computing method of bus comprehensive cost considering the carbon benefits is proposed. On the basis of analyzing the single-line scheduling, the regional scheduling modes of electric buses is mainly studied. According to the targets of minimizing operating vehicles and deadhead kilometers while maximizing the carbon benefits, a multi-target optimization model of electric bus regional scheduling considering the carbon benefits is established. Based on the real operation data from electric buses No. 136 and No. 139 in Zibo City, the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the regional scheduling issue for electric buses according to the model characteristics.It is shown through the comparison of single-line and regional scheduling comprehensive operation cost that it can reduce the operation cost of electric buses by introducing the carbon benefit in the objective cost function and the reduction degree depends on the carbon trading price; the regional scheduling mode can increase deadhead kilometers while reducing the number of vehicles. However, the reduced cost caused by reduced vehicles can offset the increased cost caused by increased deadhead kilometers because the deadhead cost is relatively lower. In general, in view of the carbon benefit, it’s quite economical for electrical buses to adopt the regional scheduling mode, which is helpful to promote electric buses.