Atmospheric Pollution And Monitoring Research On Remote Sensing Of PM_2.5, PM₁₀ From East Part Of Junggar Basin In Xinjiang

Air pollution is a hot research issue in today’s society especially particulate matter pollution, the national mid-long term development plan clearly show that: the research and control of regional pollution caused by large scale coal mining and production is the key scientific issue in recent years. The region of Zhundong in Xinjiang province is the largest-whole mount coal base in China, a national Economic and Technological Development Zone has been established there. The development has already been 10 years, it caused some regional air pollution. With the further development of open-pit coal mining and industrial production, there will serious impact on regional atmospheric environment and human health.In this paper we start a research in large scale open-pit coal mining in east part of junggar basin in Xinjiang. The research has two aspects which are the air pollution study and the estimation of particulate matter, integrated use of ground monitoring means and satellite remote sensing, in order to reflect the regional air pollution with comprehensively and high accuracy, to provide a more efficient and effective method for pollution monitoring research.Analysis of pollutants pollution characteristics of PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and atmospheric dust fall on the basis of the concentrations of measured surface particulate matters, atmospheric dust fall and meteorological factors. And build an estimation model of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentration by MODIS aerosol optical depth and PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentration relationship.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:1. The concentration levels of atmospheric pollutants in summer is fairly close to that of fall, which significantly higher in winter. PM_2.5 accounts for 71.42% of PM₁₀ mass concentration in Winter, which pollution is the most serious. The high value areas of the 3 kinds of atmospheric pollutants are mainly concentrated in the open-pit coal mining areas and the major industrial zones surroundings. There were still some small high-value areas of atmospheric dust fall in the western desert region by the effects of wind erosion and blowing sand. The correlations of three particle sizes was quite different, The mass concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ was extremely significant correlated, distribute consistently in geography,the correlation coefficient is 0.78（P<0.01）. PM₁₀ mass concentration was significantly correlated with the amount of atmospheric dust fall, the correlation coefficient is 0.19（P<0.05）, PM_2.5 mass concentration and the amount of atmospheric dust fall can be regarded as no correlation.2. The correlation between three kinds of meteorological factors and PM_2.5, PM₁₀ concentrations were demonstrated that the concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were positively correlated with relative humidity, has the highest correlation, the change of two matters are basically consistent, the correlation coefficient is 0.79 and 0.51（P<0.01）. Respectively, and strongly negatively correlated with temperature, and negatively correlated with wind speed, the correlation coefficient is small.3. The determination of heavy metals in the study area showed that heavy metals of atmospheric pollutants in the study area displayed different degrees of accumulation. High value areas are mainly concentrated in the areas of intensely human activities, such as open-pit coal mining areas, industrial zones and the transportation routes side. The assessment results of geo-accumulation index indicated that the pollution Zn in the atmospheric dust fall should be classified as extreme degree, the Igeo of Zn has already been 5.58, and that of Cr, Cu, Pb, As as between slight and extreme degrees, and Hg as practically uncontaminated. The results of health risk assessment showed that: The exposure content of carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of the study area has little difference. The passing routes from hands to mouths is the most important way of heavy metals enter into the body, Simultaneously is the most important way to affect human health. It is HQCr>HQAs>HQZn> HQPb> HQCu> HQHg, the total non-cancer hazard indexes is 0.258. The carcinogenic risk hazard indexes is CRAs >CRCr >CRPb, 10-6<TCR<10-4, As is the most important carcinogenic factors. There is a certain degree of heavy metals pollution in study aera, fortunately, the health risk is small, but there is a certain risk of cancer that the risk is in the limit which human can tolerate. Non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk is much more harmful in open-pit coal mining areas, industrial zones and the junctions of transportation routes.4. The information was extracted from MODIS aerosol optical depth via ENVI and Arcgis, with measured concentration of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and then make regression analysis and establish a regression fitting model. The temporal and spatial variation trends of aerosol optical depth and PM_2.5, PM₁₀ were consistent and show a ignificant positive correlation.Compared with five different function models, on the level of P < 0.01, comprehensive consideration of R2 and relative error, it can find that: the estimation models of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentration in July are both polynomial model and in December are both power function model; the estimation models of PM_2.5 mass concentration in September is polynomial model, that of PM₁₀ mass concentration is exponential model, these models can be applied to the remote sensing monitoring study of particulate matter.In this study, we did a more comprehensive analysis of regional air pollution.We discussed the heavy metals on human health risk and remote sensing monitoring of particulate pollution. There are many deficiencies, hoping can provide some help for the future study.