The Preliminary Exploration Of PM2.5 Monitoring With GNSS Inversion Technology

In 2013, a full year of Beijing, the fog and haze pollution days up to 175 days, and the "fog and haze" has become one of the annual hot words which was deserved. According to statistics, the domestic 25 provinces more than 100 cities plagued by smog, which is a serious threat to people’s health. January 4, 2014, the National Disaster Reduction Office, the Ministry of Civil Affairs for the first time,the fog and haze which threats people’s physical and mental health is incorporated in 2013 natural disaster briefing. The fog and haze consisting essentially of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and respirable particulate matter of these three, the first two are gaseous pollutants, the last one is particulate matter which is the culprit to aggravate fog and haze,s pollution. PM2.5 is the main part of the respirable particulate matter, and according to the provisions of the relevant departments, PM2.5 refers to the fine suspended particles with diameter less than 2.5 μm. Although the PM2.5 size is small, but large specific surface area, with which it is very easy to accumulate toxic substances. According to the relevant studies have shown that, PM2.5 contains 15 kinds of carcinogens, including one of the world’s strongest carcinogens benzene propylene a pyrene which is 14 times as much as the rest of the world standard, so that the fine particles has been classified as a human carcinogen WHO. In order to prevent and control the harm caused by the fog and haze, there must have a way to monitor and predict the concentration of PM2.5.According to the current domestic and foreign studies on the characteristics of PM2.5,we found that after the rainfall, the heavy pollution weather by haze will be greatly improved. According to the study of Wang Zongshuang et al in 2013, the hygroscopicity of atmospheric particles had been studied, and the research pointed out that the moisture absorption of atmospheric particles is an important indicator of particle physicochemical properties, hygroscopic properties have important significance to the environment in-depth understanding of particles and health effects. The sources of error in the propagation path of GNSS including the impact of the ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay, and the ionospheric delay can be eliminated by frequency method. But the impact of delay in the troposphere is mainly affected by the activities, including the static delay and wet delay, extremely unstable. Static delay can be estimated by the model, but the wet delay is mainly affected by atmospheric water vapor, more active. The inversion of Ground GNSS mainly through delay and then get wet atmospheric water vapor content. Therefore, we according to the inversion technique of atmospheric particle hygroscopic characteristics and the Grond GNSS and the effect of the wet delay characteristics of water vapor concentration, to explore the monitoring of the concentration of the PM2.5.The application of GNSS technique is widely used, including a variety of delay, the inversion of the amount precipitation of atmospheric, and the inversion of ionospheric TEC, and on the basis of the inversion of the Ground GNSS technique which can used in atmospheric particulate matter PM2.5 monitoring to have a preliminary inquiry.Through the analysis, we can see that the change of PM2.5 which concentration in the troposphere will change the proportion of components in the troposphere, whether this change will affect the change of amount of delay? If so, what is the relationship with the concentration of PM2.5? This paper will study the problems of the above.In order to obtain the results of the research, this paper firstly expounds the basic principle of the inversion of the Ground GNSS technology, the main technology and research methods, and then get the calculation results by using the GAMIT/GLOBK software solution of GNSS data, and to study the following aspects:1.Using GAMIT 10.40 to calculates the date of Beijing Fangshan(BJFS), a total of 100 days of observation data of regional the IGS station monitoring of continuous operation in September-November, 2013, February-March, May-June, October, 2014, to obtain the change of each delay and the amount of the water vapor in the region.2.Comparing an Analyzing the inversion of Beijing area date of various delay and atmospheric water vapor content and PM2.5 concentration changes, to study the relationship between their changes.3.To calculate the date of Wuhan and Urumqi area in February-March, 2014, a total of more than 20 days of observation data, changes of the inversion results in two areas with PM2.5 concentration respectively, in order to verify the feasibility of this method.4.Comparing the changes of meteorological factors and PM2.5 in Beijing area by correspondence analysis, to find out the influence of meteorological factors on the concentration of PM2.5. In addition to the baseline fluctuation and the concentration of PM2.5 was also analyzed which are calculated in Beijing and Wuhan.