Operation And Risky Management Of Water Bank In China

China is shortage of water seriously. The construction of water right system and water right market are beneficial to improve the efficiency of the utilization of water resources and to ease the water shortages. From the practical viewpoint, the scope of water right transfer is limited, the legal protection of water rights transaction is not mature and water rights trading is with lots of risks. At present, the "water bank" as a new type of water rights transfer, gives full consideration of the situation that water rights can’t be traded or the users are unwilling to transact, makes up for the operation limitations of water rights trading market, leads water resource from the sector of low efficiency to the sector with higher efficiency and improve the utilization efficiency of water resources. So it will alleviate the problem of water shortage to some extent.This paper combines such industrial economics and western economics theories as the water rights market theory, externality theory, supply and demand theory. Put forward the definition of water bank by summarizing the reference, make a discussion on the operation process of water bank and give corresponding countermeasures and suggestions according to the risk in the operating process of water bank.(1) The definition of water bank."Water bank" regards water as the money to establish a deposit and loan system after the fair division of property right of water resources, the parties who have surplus water resources deposit by certain water interest rate, and the parties who are shortage of water resources borrow by certain interest rate from the system.(2) The operation process of water bank. The operation process of water bank is the process of the water rights’deposit and loan based on the hypothesis that the water holding and demand parties are in the pursuit of maximizing their own interests. The operation mode of a water bank is mainly composed of three parts including water storage, water loan and water interest rate. Water storage and borrowing constitute the main mode of the operation of water bank, and water banks can operate under the combined action of the two. At the same time, the relationship between the water rights’ deposit and loan determines the water interest rate. The water interest rate guides the relationship between the water rights’ deposit and loan in turn, which specifically characterized by the change of water rate.(3) The risks and supervision of water bank. The risks of water bank can be divided into internal risk and external risk. Inherent risk is mainly manifested as loan risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, exposure risk and capital risk; external risk mainly includes the natural risk and social risk. While the regulatory starts with the internal risk, and with the combined mode of the government supervision, self-discipline supervision and social supervision.