The Research Of Gramsci’s Cultural Hegemony Theory

Antonio Gramsci is representative of early western Marxist, proletarian political party leaders in Italy. Facing the failure of the proletarian revolution in Italy and low tide of workers’ movement in various European countries, Gramsci absorbed Marxist’s theory and emphasized to change the policy of revolution, using cultural and ethics reform for the legitimacy of the regime in the new situation instead of violent revolution in the past. It is a race of cultural leadership.Gramsci’s theory of cultural leadership is based on the theory of "complete" state, which is composed of political society and civil society. It emphasized to guide and convince the people to consent the gerentocratic ethics and morality voluntarily and form a new "cultural beliefs" by way of the attraction, charisma and assimilatory power, which we call the compulsory education. From Marxism with the concrete practice of China, introducing market economy. And it turns out that we have made significant achievements in economic development. At the same time, however, with the adjustment of the interest structure and wide gap between the rich and the poor, our social contradictions are sharper. In the face of such a kind of social transformation, we need to reform. The the founding of new China to today’s Chinese society, sixty years, we insist on the guidance of Marxism and combine the basic principle ofSocial harmony and stability need social ideological consensus and the mainstream values. When traditional culture is unable to support our life and the new cultural value system has not yet formed, we should build the socialist mainstream ideology right now, which is a process of cultural leadership.In this paper,I combined the cultural leadership and the socialist core values, study Gramsci’s cultural leadership and related ideas from multiple dimensions, such as philosophy, political science, ethics, and try to provide a new direction of the cultivation and practice of social core values. In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into four parts. The first chapter describes the origin of Gramsci’s cultural leadership, from the time of the age, social background and origin of theory. Gramsci’s cultural leadership of the proletariat is on the basis of predecessors’ excellent cultural achievements; face the failure of the proletarian revolution in Italy and Europe. First as an Italian thinker, Gramsci’s thought firstly is affected by the Italian theorists, such as the thought of "popular" and "emperor" of Machiavelli’s the prince, practical philosophy of Antonio Labriola, and the viewpoint of ethical and cultural education from Croce; Second, as a Marxist revolutionist and theoretician, Gramsci influenced deeply by Marxism classical writers. He attaches great importance to the ideological construction of the proletarian party, and emphasized the legitimacy of the proletariat regime. For the understanding of these social background and theoretical source can help us get a profound and accurate understanding of Gramsci cultural leadership thoughts. The second chapter is the specific content of cultural leadership. The word "culture" is the core of cultural leadership, which means we should emphasize cultural and moral reform rather than violent revolution in the process of seizing the state power in civil society. We regard "organic intellectuals" as the main body of spreading and organizing cultural leadership. We try to realize the unity of theory and practice with the practical philosophy, make proletariat’s views on morality and ethics popular and finally achieve the formation of the collective will. The third chapter is the evaluation of Gramsci’s cultural leadership. Gramsci’s cultural leadership is mainly to establish the legitimacy of the proletariat regime. It respects the wishes of subordinate class in the process of acquiring cultural leadership. The whole cultural leadership is full of cultural and moral factors. And during the process, we try to cultivate people’s common sense. Gramsci’s assumption about cultural leadership is good. But because of the lack of practical experience, it shows a kind of "Utopian", lacking of economic foundation, which left a amount of puzzles for practicing. The fourth chapter is the connection between Gramsci’s cultural leadership and the practice of China’s socialist core values,which try to provide a new way of cultivating socialist core values.In the process of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we have made remarkable achievements in the economic construction. However, with the deepening of the reform and opening up, China has been integrated into the global market, which has been bringing in more and more cultural exchange and conflicts. It is a kind of the belief crisis and cultural anxiety.For the ruling party, facing the transitional period of Chinese social; they have to construct socialist ideology, specifically to establish the system of socialist core values. Only in this way can we lead the reform and innovation, condense the ideological consensus of the whole society and finally achieve the harmonious development of society.