| Although many researches have already been carried out on the G.lucidum spores in the recent years,however,to our knowledge,few studies of G.atrum spores are available.In this paper,in order to provide theoretical and applied foundations for the exploitaion and utilization of the Ganoderma atrum spores,a water-soluble polysaccharide fraction is extracted from G.atrum spores using a series of separation and purification methods.The monosaccharides composition of this polysaccharide was analysed by a capillary GC method.At the same time,the optimum sporoderm-broken technique,extraction methods and polysaccharide content determination methods were investigated respectively.Finally,other active components in G.atrum spores were also studied,such as microelements,fats, proteins and amino acids et.al.The main research results are concluted as follows;1.To optimize the Microwave- assisted extraction(MAE)of polysaccharides from the spores of Ganoderma atrum(PSGA),on the basis of the single factor investigation,the extraction temperature,extraction duration and the ratio of water to material were studied with the central composite design and their interactions on the yield of polysaccharide from PSGA were also investigated.The predictive polynomial quadratic equations model was developed by SAS software.Optimal conditions of MAE of polysaccharides from Spores of Ganoderma atrum can be concluded as follows;27 min at 129℃,the ratio of solvent to material of 31;1, purified water as the solvent,giving the yield of the PSGA up to 2.64%.2.A method was developed for the determination of the concents of polysaccharides from the spores of Ganoderma atrum.Polysaccharides from PSGA were extracted by water at 100℃.The concents of PSGA were determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetry.To minimize the error of determination,a corrected factor was used.The results showed that the method was simple and feasible,the colour of the treated sample was stable in 2 h and the value of recovery for polysaccharide measurement was 96.27 % with the RSD of 1.26%(n=5). 3.Determination of monosaccharide composition with Gas Chromatography. The result showed that four monosaccharides existed in the polysaccharides of Ganoderma atrum including Fucose,Mannitose,Glucose,and Galactose in a ratio of 1;1.19;5.42;1.76.4.After being digested by microwave-assisted digestion(MAD),the content of 22 elements in G.atrum spores were analysed by the ICP-AES method.All those elements were detected with different content in the spores of Ganoderma atrum except As,Be and Mn.This result indicated that the quantity of the inorganic element was very abundant in the spores of Ganoderma atrumm and the precision of this method was high with recovery of 0.97～3.69%.Meanwhile,the concent of ash was also determined with an average value of 3.81%.5.The total fat and protein concents were determined by corresponding methods respectively.And the contents of 17 amino acids except Ser in the spores of Ganoderma atrum were analysed by HPCEC simultaneously.The results showed that the total concents of protein and fat were 13.58% and 2.90% respectively and all the determined amino acids were found to be existed in the spores of Ganoderma atrum with a total content of 127.98 mg/g,among which the content of Methionine was especially high with the value of 84.04 mg/g.This was even higher than that of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum.6.In this study,the sporoderm-broken technique was also investigated systematically.The key factors that affected the sporoderm-broken efficiency were found to be the rotating speed and grinding time.The Results showed that 95% of the sporoderm-broken efficiency was obtained with rotating speed at 2100 r/min for 20min.The physical characteristic of spores of Ganoderma atrum before and after being broken were also comparatively studied by microscope,Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),infrared spectrum,and granularity measurement.From the results we could find that the sporoderm was broken and the inclusion of the spores was extracted in groups. |
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