Quality Comparision Studies Of Lu Dangshen With Commodity Codonopsis Radix And Establishment Of Quality Standard Of Lu Dangshen

Resource of Codonopsis Radix is very abundant. Its origin is widely. There are avariety of commodity Codonopsis Radix on the market. And there are differences inthe morphological characteristics, organization characteristics, component, functionsand quality. Lu Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.) was planted inChangzhi, Jincheng, Shanxi province. It‘s well-known brand in shanxi, becausechangzhi and jincheng were birthplace of Codonopsis Radix. It is also one of thefamous " four northern medicine ". It has a long history and excellent quality. Thenineties of the last century, Provinces and cities establish standards to control thequality of traditional Chinese medicine or herbal medicines pieces, such as theestablishment of the " standard of Chinese medicinal materials in Shanxi Province "in1987. But dangshen only included morphological identification, processing method,tastes, functions, usage and dosage, etc. In addition, it can not meet the qualitystandards stipulated by the state level at present. To identify Lu Dangshen andcommodity Codonopsis Radix from different origins and habitats. And to provide abasis for the local standards of quality for Lu Dangshen. Morphological identification,microstructural identification and TLC identification were applied to identify Chinesecrude drug Codonopsis Radix from different origins and habitats. Meanwhile themoisture, ash, organochlorine pesticide residues and sulfur dioxide detect pesticideresidues were measure. And herbal medicines pieces of Codonopsis Radix wasestablished standards of quality.Paper content is as follows:1. Herbalogical studyBy looking at ancient books, local government record and literature, this paperargues that Shang Dang is Panax ginseng ginseng C.A.M ey. before the qing dynasty.But it was extinct because of " local disaster ", and it was replaced by Codonopsis brand (firm dangshen) Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. from campanulaceaelater. Until in1757," new compilation of materia medica " written by Wu Yiluonamed it as "dangshen", and described its function. Meanwhile the traits of "lion topof reed" is put forward to identify Dang Shen and Panax ginseng ginseng C.A.M ey.2. Investigation for germplasm resources, observation for plant morphologicalMedicinal Codonopsis Radix resources is rich. It was planted widely throughoutthe country. There are many kinds of commodity Codonopsis Radix on the market.The famous breed have " Wen Dang " planted in wenxian county, Gansu," FengDang " planted in Fengxian county, Shaanxi," Ban Qiaodang " planted in Enshi,Hubei," Lu Dangshen " and " Tai Dangshen " planted in Shanxi, and " Bai Tiaodang" planted in Dingxi, Gansu, etc.―Bai Tiaodang‖account for a bigger share inthe market. Currently, plant area of Codonopsis Radix gradually showed a lumpedand expansile trend. But the wild resource of Codonopsis Radix gradually reduce.The blade of Lu Dangshen is ovate or oblong. Its florescence is in July to August,and fruit period is in September to October.3. Morphological identificationThere are significant differences in morphological characters among C.pilosula(Franch.)Nannf., C. pilosula Nannf. var. modesta(Nannf.)L.T.Shen and C.tangshen Oliv. And they also existed in Tai Dang and Bai Tiaodang from the sameorigin but different habitats.4. Microscopic identification(1) The powder of Lu Dangshen was described sclereid, reticulate vessel,yellow knobbly laticifer, inulin and few starch grains. There are some slightdifferences on the powder feature of different Codonopsis Radix.(2) The outer surface of the root is bounded by some10rows of narrow corkcells, and the outside has a single scattered or groups of stone cells. Within the cork isthe narrow cortex. Phloem is broad, often have fracture. Laticifers are oftenaccompanied by sieve tubes, and often form groups with parenchyma cellssurrounded them, which distributed in the outer zone of phloem. Vessels occur singlyor in bundles, presented radially in the xylem. Parenchyma cells contain inulin.5.thin layer identification.5. TLC identificationAccording to the2010edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia thin layer identificationmethod of Codonopsis Radix, select Lobetyolin as reference substance, and madeeach1ml contains0.4mg of methanol solution as a reference substance solution.Take this product powder1g, add25ml of methanol, ultrasonic processing30minutes, filtration, evaporate to the filtrate, dissolve residue with water for15ml,filter by D101macroporous adsorption resin column (inner diameter is1.5cm,column for10cm high), elute with50ml of water, abandon to liquid water, with50ml50%ethanol elution, collect the eluent, boil away. Dissolve residual by methanol1ml as the test solution. On this basis, this paper chooses several main factors ofaffecting the effects of thin layer identification, and select the best conditions todetermine the differential method. Mainly, the factors are the thin-layer plate, solutionvolume, eluent, distance and temperature.6. Safety evaluation(1) Moisture: According to the2010edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia method(appendix Ⅸ H drying), the moisture of Lu Dangshen contain5.99~11.77%, andmoisture standard should not exceed16.0%. The moisture of herbal medicines piecesof Lu Dangshen contain9.86~13.13%, and moisture standard should not exceed14.0%.(2) Ash content: According to the2010edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia method(appendix Ⅸ K), the total ash of Lu Dangshen contain3.25%~5.78%, and acidinsoluble ash contain0.63%~1.47%. The total ash of herbal medicines pieces of LuDangshen contain2.64%~4.68%, and acid insoluble ash contain0.29%~0.29%.Therefore, total ash content standard of Lu Dangshen and herbal medicines piecesshould not exceed5.0%, and standard of acid insoluble ash content should not exceed1.2%and0.5%, respectively.(3) Organochlorine pesticide residues: According to the2010edition of"Chinese pharmacopoeia" method (appendix Ⅸ Q organochlorine pesticide residuesdetermination method), there are2batch of LuDangshen higher than pharmacopoeia limitation requirements of DDT (no two over ten million). While the content of BHCand PCNB are very low. Therefore, organochlorine pesticide residue limits-totalBHC shall not be two over one hundred million; total DDT shall not be two over tenmillion; PCNB not one over one hundred million.(4) Sulfur dioxide residue: According to the2010edition of Chinapharmacopoeia method determination of sulfur dioxide residue (appendix Ⅸ Umethod), the sulfur dioxide residue of all samples meet standard, but3batches of BaiTiaodang and1group of wild Tai Dang exceed standard badly. And only5batches ofsulfur dioxide residue of herbal medicines pieces meet standard.The productionprocessing of Lu Dangshen don’t smoked sulfur. But considering the medicines originof Codonopsis Radix is complex on the market. So sulfur dioxide residue standard ofLu Dangshen and herbal medicines pieces should not exceed300mg/Kg. It is lowerthan pharmacopoeia400mg/Kg.