| BackgroundWith the development of social economy and people’s living standard, there is a trend of fast increasing among children’s obesity, in which60%to85%grow into adulthood obesity, contributing directly to many chronic diseases or even death in their later lives. There are currently no efficient therapeutic measures in children’s obesity, whose key prevention lies in finding positive ways in intervention. At present, the object of children obesity in domestic research are school-age children and teenagers, yet fewer research are seen in pre-school age children’s obesity and their hazards. Pre-school age is a significant stage for the development of recognition, formation of different habits and behavior, as well as the cultivation of proper nutrition awareness, positive dieting habits and healthy way of life. Therefore, the prevention and control of children’s obesity in pre-school age is a key stage during the whole process.ObjectivesThe study is to investigate the status quo of pre-school age children’s obesity in Bengbu, explore the key influencing factors from the aspect of genetic, family as well as dieting factors, discuss the efficient intervention measures, therefore, provide scientific basis for the establishment of health education in school, early intervention of children’s obesity in social communities, as well as the formation of prevention measures in the department concerned. MethodologyStratified random cluster sampling is used to randomly draw947children from kindergartens in four administrative districts in Bengbu (Bengshan District,Yuhui District,Longzihu District,Huaishang District). Children’s medical examination report in2013provided by kindergartens and weight-for-height recommended by WHO are used to filter obese or non-obese children. Questionnaire is designed according to relevant research, are filled in by children’s patents, containing (1)basic information of the children and the family, such as gender,age and registered permanent residence of the child; literacy level, occupation, height, weight and income of the patents;(2)birth of the child and pregnancy of the mother, such as length and weight at birth,gestational weeks, weight gain of the mother or illnesses during pregnancy;(3)children’s dieting habits and daily lives, such as meat and vegetable proportion in each diet, breakfast, overeating, watching TV while eating, appetite,eating speed, milk-drinking, times of daily eating, eating before sleeping,sodas drinking and fast-food eating, sleeping time at night, daily sitting and exercises time, etc.(4)parents’ awarenesses and behaviors, such as children’s health state they regard, figure of their children, encouragement of overeating, satisfaction of children’s self-selected foods, whether they know limited eating and proper exercises can prevent obesity, the necessity of treatment in children’s obesity, the negative effects of obesity, the influence of sodas and fast-food, parents’ nack-eating habits, parents’physical training and the family’s eating out, etc.Main Results(1)947questionnaires were sent out and936retrieved as validated ones with valid return rate98.8%. Among those936children,92of them are found to be overweight (overweight rate is9.8%), in which55(59.8%) are boys and37(40.2%) girls, those above3years old25(27.2%), four years old37(40.2%) and five30(32.6%).(2)Results of single-factor analysis:children’s father with BMI>24are found more addicted to those with BMI<24; the same results were found among children’s mother; children’s parents with average BMI≥24are found more addicted to those with<24. All of the above-mentioned variation is statistically significant (P<0.01).Children’s obesity rate in single-parent family is found higher than those from a three-generation family, followed by those from a nuclear family with the variation statistically significant (P<0.05); the rate of single child of the family is higher than those not, with the variation statistically significant (P<0.05); the variation in family in income is not statistically significant (P<0.05).The rate of children obesity among those with birth weight>4000g is found higher than those with birth weight from2500to4000g (P<0.05); the rate of those whose mother’s weight gain≥15kg during pregnancy is higher than those<15kg (P<0.01).Children with preference to meat are found more vulnerable to obesity than those with a balanced diet; obese rate of children with overeating habit is obviously higher than those not; the rate of those with a good appetite is higher than those not; the rate of those with eating speed<15min is higher than those with eating speed15to30min or>30min, and all of the variation is statistically significant (P<0.01); obese rate of children with preference to sodas and fast food is obviously higher than those who seldom or never do so (P<0.05and P<0.01).Obese rate of children with parents who think unnecessary to bring their overweight child to a doctor is higher than those who are not (P<0.05); obese rate of children with parents who think that obesity does no harm is higher than those who are not(P<0.01); obese rate of children with parents who think that sodas and fast food does no harm is higher than those who are not (P<0.05and P<0.01).(3)Results of multiple-factor analysis:compared with those mother with BMI<24, those mother with BMI>24were found related to children obesity(OR=2.131,P<0.05); compared with nuclear family, those from a single-parent family were found related to children obesity(OR=2.249,P<0.01);compared with those with weight gain <15kg during pregnancy, those with≥15kg were found related to children obesity(0R=1.361,P<0.05);compared with those with eating time>30min, those with eating time<15min were found related to children obesity(OR=1.421,P<0.01);compared with those children with normal or poor appetite, whose with good appetite were found to be related to children obesity(OR=1.475,P<0.01); compared with those parents who think their children properly-bodied, whose who think their children thin or fat were found related to children obesity (with OR separately0.796and2.77,P<0.05), and parents’recognizing their children as thin is found the protective factor of children obesity; compared with those who recognize the harmful effects of obesity, whose fail to do so are found to be related to children obesity(OR=2.542,P<0.01).Conlusion and RecommendationsPre-school children obesity in Bengbu is found relatively high (9.8%), those whose mother with BMI>24, from a single-parent family,mother’s weight gain during pregnancy≥15kg,with good appetite, with fast eating speed,and those with inadequate awareness of the negative effects of children obesity, are found more vulnerable to obesity. To prevent the rate of pre-school children’s obesity growing, school and the society should cooperate to handle the issue and conduct nutritious education and provide health service to parents and children. |
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