Long-term Impact Of Early Life Earthquake Experience For Adult Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity arewell reported proximate sequelae of earthquakes. Earthquake exposure hasalso been found to be associated with temporary increases in many risk factorsfor CVD, which included resting heart rate (RHR), triglyceride (TG) and totalcholesterol (TC). Much less work has investigated the long term effects ofearly life earthquake experience on adults’ risk of developing CVD. Therefore,the present study investigated the relationship between early life earthquakeexperiences for adult cardiovascular disease risk factors.Methods:1196people’ birthday from July1,1958to July1,1976wereselected in our study who participant physical test in Kailuan PhysicalExamination Center during May to October,2013. Participants werequestioned about a variety of earthquake-related experiences, includingwhether or not they1) had been experienced Tangshan earthquake on July28,1976;2) whether or not they had relative died from the earthquake. All ofthem were collected data on general characteristics which included gender,age, income, physical activity, smoke and drink history, education andparental history of hypertension. These people were divided into control groupand according to whether exposed Tangshan earthquake on July28,1976.Thenexposed group divided into exposed group1and exposed group2according toif relatives in earthquake or not. Then association with cardiovascular riskfactors came from physical test, which included resting heartrate(RHR),systolic blood pressure(SBP), fasting blood-glucose(FBG),diastolicblood pressure(DBP), body mass index(BMI), TG, total TC, low densitylipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). Analysis of variance was used to compare the average level of these riskfactors of three groups.The results of all scales using SPSS13.0software analysis, LSD of theanalysis of variance used in three measurement data groups. Logarithmictransformation of triglycerides was used throughout the analysis. TheChi-square test was used to analysis enumeration data. Logistic regression wasused to adjust confounding factors (age, smoke and drink history, gender,education, income, physical activity and parental history of hypertension).Results:1There are1313people take part in our study participant physical test inKailuan Physical Examination Center during May to October,2013.Anysubject with one or more missing variables (earthquake experiences andcardiovascular disease risk factors) was removed from our study. Participantsknown to be on dietary or pharmacological treatment for hypertension,hyperlipidemia, or diabetes were excluded. Participants who reported sinusarrhythmia were excluded. A total of1196participants were entered foranalysis, more males (841) than females (355). In males, the number ofcontrol group is413, exposed group1is400and exposed group2is383.Infemales the number of three groups is79,145,131.2Cardiovascular disease risk factors: Significant differences among threegroups on RHR and FBG. After adjustment for age, gender, smoke and drinkhistory, education, income, physical activity and parental history ofhypertension, BMI,SBP,DBP,LDL,HDL and so on, significant differences onRHR in exposed group2and FBG in exposed group1and2, compare withcontrol group.3General characteristics of meals: Significant differences among threegroups of males in smoke history (P<0.01). In the three groups ofparticipants, the smoking percentage is increased with the stress level (controlgroup is63.2%, exposed group1is75.7%, exposed group2is77.0%). In thethree groups of participants, the drinking percentage is increased with thestress level (control group is76.6%, exposed group1is80.0%, exposed group 2is83.0%). There was no significant difference in age, education, physicalactivity and parental history of hypertension among three groups.4Cardiovascular disease risk factors of males: No significant differenceswere found in age, education, physical activity and parental history ofhypertension. Significant differences were found among three groups of maleson RHR, WC, TC and TG (P<0.01). Significant differences among threegroups on FBG (P<0.05).There was no significant difference among threegroups on SBP, SDP, LDL and HDL. After adjustment for age, smoke anddrink history,education, income, physical activity and parental history ofhypertension, BMI,SBP,DBP,LDL,HDL and so on, significant differences onRHR between exposed group2and control group(P<0.05); significantdifferences on TC and FBG between exposed group1and controlgroup(P<0.05); significant differences on TC and FBG between exposedgroup2and control group(P<0.05).5Cardiovascular disease risk factors and general characterristics offemales: No significant differences were found in age, education, physicalactivity and smoke and drink history. Significant differences among threegroups on TC (P<0.05).After adjustment for age, education, income, physicalactivity, smoke and drink history and parental history of hypertension,BMI,SBP,DBP,LDL,HDL,TG and FBG, the earthquake experiences had nosignificant effect on TC.6Sensitive analysis: The people who has history of take medicine tocontrol blood pressure, cholesterol level, blood glucose were enter study again.After adjustment above factors, the result was consistent with exclude thesepeople.Conclusions:1There is gender difference in early earthquake experiences effect oncardiovascular disease risk factors.2Early earthquake experiences have long term effect on FBG and TC inmales.3Early earthquake experiences have long term effect on RHR in males. 4Early earthquake experiences have no significant effect oncardiovascular disease risk factors of females.5Early earthquake experiences had a significant effect on adult behaviors.The drinking and smoking percentage is increased with the stress level.