The Establishment Of Classical Conditioned Papillary Dilations And Research Of The Acquisition Rule

PurposePupillary reflex is a kind of important visceral reflex，Including the pupillary dilationand deflation, and they can also divided into two categories, the unconditioned reflex andconditioned reflex, according to the reflection characteristics. The unconditioned pupillaryreflex, for example pupillary light reflex, has been widely applied in clinical examinationand diagnosis of neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, conditional pupillaryreflex is not much applied in animal studies. Early on, Gernall did a comparative researchof classical conditioned papillary dilations of normal cats and paralyzed cats, found theparalyzed cats conditional pupillary dilation reflex latency. It is generally considereddifficult to establish conditional pupillary deflation. In1940Wedell.C.H reported thatclassical conditioned pupillary deflation couldn’t be established, and in1954Young alsoreported the same result.The research of Kahneman said that the pupil size change can reflect “attention”strength. In recent years the pupil diameter measuring is more and more widely used in thefield of cognitive neuroscience. In1993Just and Carpenter put the pupillary response as animportant indicator of describing the brain cognitive function. Kahneman put the pupilresponse as an important indicator of describing memory capacity, he thought that there wasrelation between pupillary dilation and working memory. In2006Dehaene put forward inthe consciousness theory research that when the subjects don’t have completed conscious orcan’t express in language, such as baby, animal and mental patient, the pupillary responsecan reflect the change of concentration distribution in the process of cognitive. In recentyears the research in experimental psychology and nerve of cognitive science showed that,pupil change was likely to be ahead of consciousness. In the previous studies, the catconditioned pupillary dilation reflex could be established after only60times pair training, itis much faster than Somatic conditioning such as eyeblink conditioning and shuttle box conditioning. Besides, pupillary reflex behavior is relatively simple, Its involves only asmall amount of nuclei such as Edinger—Westphal nucleus，it made the analysis researchof reflex more simple. As a result, classical conditioned papillary dilations may be one ofthe ideal behavior models in neuroscience research.In recent years there are more and more research about classical conditioned papillarydilations, but the acquisition law research of classical conditioned papillary dilations is lessreported. So we proposed to research through different conditioned stimulus and differentstimulus intervals to observe the law of acquisition.methodsExperiment one, choose4healthy adult cats (regardless of gender,14months old,500～600g weight), with sound as CS and electrical stimulation as US to take classicalconditioned papillary dilations training. The experiment includes4periods, the adaptationperiod (30times), the non-matching period (30times), training period (60times) and fadingperiod (30times). There’s10min interval between each training period. According to thedifferent time intervals from CS-ending to US-beginning, the experiment can divided into3training modes, with0ms，900ms and1900ms stimulus intervals. The cat can take nexttraining mode after at least15days after complete a training mode, in order to avoid theaffection between the two modes.Experiment two, choose4healthy adult home cats (regardless of gender,14monthsold,500～600g weight), with fixed interval as CS and electrical stimulation as US to takeclassical conditioned papillary dilations training. The experiment includes3periods, theadaptation period (40times), training period (40times) and fading period (40times). And itdivided into2training modes, with5s and10s fixed interval. The cat can take next trainingmode after at least15days after complete a training mode, in order to avoid the affectionbetween the two modes.Experiment three, choose26healthy adult (male, about20years old), with fixedinterval as CS and electrical stimulation as US to take classical conditioned papillarydilations training. The experiment includes3periods, the adaptation period (40times),training period (40times) and fading period (40times). And it divided into2trainingmodes, with5s（n=15）and10s（n=11）fixed interval.Result Experiment one, with sound as CS and electrical stimulation as US to take classicalconditioned papillary dilations training. In the mode with0ms and1900ms as stimulusinterval, the cats couldn’t acquire conditional pupil dilation reflex. In the mode with900msas stimulus interval, there was significant difference between training period andnon-matching period.Experiment two, with fixed interval5s and10s as CS and electrical stimulation as USto take classical conditioned papillary dilations training. In the mode with5s as fixedinterval, there was significant difference between training period and adaptation period, andthe acquisition rate in the late stage of training was much higher than that in the early stageof training. In the mode with10s as fixed interval, there was no significant difference inadaptation period, training period and fading period. But the acquisition rate in the latestage of training mode in5s mode was quite different from that on10s mode.Experiment three, with fixed interval5s and10s as CS and electrical stimulation as USto take classical conditioned papillary dilations training. In the mode with5s as fixedinterval, there was significant difference between late training period and adaptation period,but the difference was not obvious compared with that in the training period of10s mode.Conclusion1. In the classical conditioned papillary dilations with sound as CS, the stimulusintervals can affect the cats’ acquisition of reflection.2. Cats react extremely sensitive to sound, and the ɑ reaction can affect the acquisitionand judgment of reflection.3. The acquisition of fixed interval classical conditioned papillary dilations is affectedby the fixed time interval. In the mode with10s,the person and the cats couldn’t acquire4. The cats could acquire of fixed interval classical conditioned papillary dilationsmuch more easily than person. Especially in the mode with5s, the cats acquire more easily.