The Han Ethnicity’s Craniofacial Form Asymmetry In Liaoning Province Based On Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to collect three-dimensional landmark data andidentify normal form of Chinese in Liaoning province, included asymmetry andsexual dimorphism (shape difference between male and female) of the humanface and skull, to be used in the3-dimensional crania-facial reconstruction,Individual identification, and other further studies.MethodsIn this paper, for each subject, the head image-slices of204young healthysubjects, which were selected from500, were obtained by magnet resonanceimaging (MRI) scanner. The3-dimensional coordinates of60anatomicallandmarks were measured directly using ETDIPS Version2.0, a softwarepackage. The3-dimensional data collection error, the intra-observer error andinter-observer error, were assessed. Then, study the form different matrixes(the difference in the forms and the difference for specific linear distances)using the method of euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) to determinefacial and cranial asymmetry and sexual dimorphism.Results1. The facial measurement errors of MR scaner, ETDIPS software,observer A, observer B and inter-observer are0.022mm、0.020mm、0.017mm、0.014mm、0.006mm. The cranio measurement errors of MR scaner, ETDIPSsoftware, observer A, observer B and inter-observer are0.031mm、0.020mm、0.016mm、0.013mm、0.009mm. The P values of all the measurement errors were more than0.05in bootstrap test.2. The cranio-facial sexual dimorphism are Significance, P<0.05. Facialsexual dimorphism is83%, the left and right side of the face are82%and84%.Cranio sexual dimorphism is77%, the left and right side of the skull are70%and77%. The cranio and facial forms of male are1.10563,1.09901times thesize of female’s.3. The cranio-facial asymmetry are Significance,P<0.05. Facial asymmetryis20%,16%and25%of facial asymmetry in male and female. Cranioasymmetry is22%,20%and24%of cranio asymmetry in male and female.ConclusionsThe measurement errors are acceptable. Facial sexual dimorphism of thehan ethnicity in Liaoning province is biger than cranio’s, the right side ofcranio-facial sexual dimorphism is more Significance than the left side. Cranioasymmetry is biger than facial asymmetry, the cranio-facial asymmetry offemale are more significance than the male’s.