The Research Of Nutritional Statusof Four Populations In Hefei City

Objectives To investigate the iodine nutritional status among four populationsincluding infants aged0-2years, school children aged8-10years, lactating women andpregnant women under the condition that the iodine concentration was (35±15mg/kg)in edible salts. To evaluate whether the iodine nutritional status of school children aged8-10years represent the whole iodine nutritional status of four populations in Hefeicity and to observe the influence of iodine nutritional status for pregnant women andlactating women on pituitary and thyroid function and the iodine status of theiroffspring. To explore the relationship between the iodine nutritional status of schoolchildren aged8-10years and infants aged0-2years and their growth and developmentindex, provide scientific evidence recommendations for preventing iodine deficiencydisorders.Methods Over40school-age children were randomly selected in two primary schoolsper countryside which were also randomly selected according to five directions ofnorth, south, east, west and center of Baohe District and Changfeng County. Thecluster-sampling methodology was used for selecting. If the number was in a shortage,it would be supplemented from neighboring schools. The age groups of8,9and10years old were in a uniform distribution and the male and female occupied one halfrespectively. Over10pregnant women, lactating women and their infants aged0-2years and childbearing women aged18-45years were selected from the street andcountryside near each sampling school. The disposable urine samples of fourpopulations, the family edible salt and water samples, the blood samples of pregnant and lactating women and milk samples of lactating women were collected. The growthand development index of school children aged8-10years and infants aged0-2yearswere measured as well. Additionally, we analyzed the qualification rate of iodine salt,the concentration of water iodine, urinary iodine, milk iodine and thyroid functionindex (TSH、FT4、TT4and TT3).Results The median salt iodine concentrations, coverage rate and qualification rate ofiodine salt were28.3mg/kg,98.2%and95.1%(median) respectively for residents inHefei city. The edible rate of iodine salt of the urban areas was significantly higherthan that of rural areas (χ2=6.172，P=0.013). The median water iodine concentrationwas7.7μg/L and it was higher than urban areas (Z＝-8.276，P<0.001）. The medianurinary iodine concentrations of infants aged0-2years, school children aged8-10years, lactating women and pregnant women were303.7μg/L,358.1μg/L,209.1μg/Land161.8μg/L respectively. The urinary iodine levels of lactating women and infantsaged0-2years were good and appropriate, respectively. The urinary iodineconcentration for school children aged8-10years was higher than normal and wassignificantly higher than other three populations (χ2=211.857，P<0.001). The urinaryiodine concentration for school children aged8-10years in urban areas wasremarkably higher than that of children in rural areas. However, the median urinaryiodine concentration of pregnant women in urban areas was significantly lower thanthat of pregnant women in rural areas (Z=-1.990和-3.192，P <0.05). The medianurinary iodine concentration of childbearing women was significantly higher than thatof lactating and pregnant women (χ2=55.435P<0.001). The height and weight of thehigher and appropriate urinary iodine group of school-age children was significantlyhigher than that of low group （F=8.115和4.544，P<0.05）. The head size of lowurinary iodine group of school-age children was significantly smaller than that of thehigher and appropriate urinary iodine group (F=3.313,P<0.05). There were significant difference of FT4, TT4, TT3of pregant women between urban and rural areas（t=5.28-9.99，P<0.001）and FT4, TT3between different urinary iodine levels(χ2=6.14和7.64，P<0.05). There were also remarkable difference of TT4, TT3oflactating women between urban and rural areas (t=-10.627和2.548，P<0.05) and TSH,FT3between different urinary iodine levels (χ2=10.155和29.900， P<0.05).Additionally, it had statistical significance for the correlation of urinary iodine levelbetween lactating women and their infants (r＝0.466，p<0.001).Conclusion Among four populations in Hefei city, the iodine nutritional statusindicated an insufficient and appropriate level for pregnant women and school childrenaged8-10years, respectively. The iodine nutritional status of school children aged8-10years couldn’t represent the whole iodine status of four populations. The studydemonstrated that the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women and lactating womenhad influence on pituitary and thyroid function. Urinary iodine of baby correlated withtheir lactating mother’s. The higher of the iodine nutritional status of school childrenaged8-10years and infants aged0-2years, the better growth and development indexthey had. The future preventing and monitoring measures should be considered iodinenutritional status of above four populations comprehensively in order to prevent iodinedeficiency disorders much better.