Comparative Study On The Chemical Constituents Of Dioscorea Opposite Thunb And Non Medicinal Parts And Developing

Objective: The study was to qualitativel y and quantitivel y compare themajor effective component of huaiqing yam and its non-medicamentportions, and to make exploitation and utiliz ation review of thenon-medicament portions. Dioscorea batatas indicate s the rhizome ofcinnamonvine classified as Dioscoreaceae. Huaiqing yam, which is thefamous-region drug of W en count y, Jiaozuo, Qin yang, W uzhi count y, etc, isone of the Four major huanqing drugs. Traditionall y we didn’t make full useof the resource, bec ause the non-medicament portions, ie, root bark, rattan,leaves, and bulbils were abandoned. In addition to comparing the contentsof major effective components in huaiqing yam and its non-medicamentportions, establishing the HP LC-DAD characteristic figur es, andidentif ying the contents of heav y metals and pesticide residues, we alsoundertook product designs of the non-medicament portions to make the bestof the huaiqing yam resource and to boost the economic value.Methods: Total flavonoids in huaiqing yam and its non-medicamentportions were extracted b y supersonic ethanol diffusion, and Rutin workedas the control article. Water bath reflux was to extract the pol y saccharidesboth in huaiqing ya m and its non-medicament portions, and contrasted withglucose. The contents were measured b y ultraviolet spectrophotometricmethod. Extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid-liquor ratio wereconsidered to optimiz e the extraction process of total flavonoids andpol ysaccharides. The contents of allantoin in huaiqing yam and itsnon-medicament portions were surve yed and compared b y HP LC. Byestablishing the huaiqing yam characteristic figure through HPLC-DAD, thepeak positions, numbers, and areas of huaiqing yam and its non-medicament portions were contras ted. Cuprum （Cu）, lead （Pb）, cadmium （Cd）,arsenic（As）, and mercur y（Hg） were identified b y graphite furnace, flame,and h ydrogeniz atio-cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscop y, and theresidues of chlorinated pesticide benz ene hexachloride （BHC）（-BHC，β-BHC，γ-BHC，-BHC）, DDT（PP-DDE，PP-DDD，OP-DDT，PP-DDT） and PCNB determined b y gas chromatograph y. Use Yam root skin asraw material to make the extracting solution of active matter yam.Throughthe determination of effective ingredients of mix ed with the extract thecharacteristic parameters of the extract to investigate the practicabilit y andeffectiveness, find out which one has the catharsis active extractionfluid.Design the best extraction process.Results: According to the orthogonal ex peri mental design, the optimumextracting conditions of total flavonoids were as following: extractingsolvent was95%ethanol of15m L, supersonic extraction thrice, once45minutes. The optimal conditions for extraction of pol y sa ccharides were:water bath calefaction thrice, once three hour. And the best extractionprocess was to extract thrice under supersonic in ethanol of100mL, andextracting time was30minutes. The total flavonoids contents of Tiegunyam in rhiz ome, root bark, rattan, leaves, and bulb ils were as follows:0.17%,1.36%,0.59%,1.93%,0.25%; pol y saccharides contents were:2.70%,3.20%,1.44%,2.09%,2.95%; allantoin contents were:1.97%,5.85%,4.53%,1.45%,2.58%. The total flavonoids contents of Taigu yam inrhizome, root bark, rattan, leaves, and bulbils were as follows:0.11%,0.97%,0.35%,2.23%,0.25%; pol ysacch arides contents were:3.39%,2.14%,1.37%,1.80%,1.78%; allantoin contents were:0.87%,3.33%,4.22%,1.75%,1.79%. The correlation coefficient similarit y of Tiegun yam andTaigu yam exceeded0.85, and the similarit y of cosine of included angle wasabove0.9. The similarit y of rattan and rhizome was under0.4, same as thesimilarit y between leaves and rhiz ome. The average Cu contents of huaiqingyam in rhiz ome, root bark, ra ttan, leaves, and bulbils were4.05μg/g,26.03μg/g,23.11μg/g,21.88μg/g,19.37μg/g; the average Cd contents were33.31ng g^-1,112.64ng g^-1,366.80ng g^-1,262.20ng g^-1,76.14ng g^-1; the average As contents were21.18ng g^-1,74.83ng g^-1,438.63ng g^-1,330.90ngg^-1,23.95ng g^-1; the average Pb contents were820.30ng g^-1,1009.93ng g^-1,2264.67ng g^-1,7069.33ng g^-1,770.93ng g^-1; the average Hg contentswere0.229ng g^-1,0.261ng g^-1,0.241ng g^-1,0.241ng g^-1,0.211ng g^-1.Huaiqing yam and its non-medicament po rtions both contained β-BHC、γ-BHC; rattan included-BHC、β-BHC、γ-BHC、PP-DDD, and-BHC、β-BHC、γ-BHC、PP-DDE、PP-DDD、PCNB were found in leaves. UseThe yam root bark as raw material to make detergent.the best extractiontechnology is warm buck liquid baptiz ed, and extract temper ature of80℃,extracting time is4h, Material volume to liquid volume is6:1, extract thecentrifugal sedimentation, add benz oic acid1.2%, citric acid0.45%sodium,and2%ethanol.Conclusion: The total flavonoids and allantoin in the skin of Taigu yamreaches were higher than yam without skin. The high metals levels andpesticide residues in huaiqing yam and its non-medicament portions areunder standard scope except for the Pb level in the leaves. The z ero son,leaf and cane in the medicinal part of s tem contains effective ingredients.At the same time huaiqing yam medicinal materials with the medicinal partfeatures mapping contrast results show that huaiqing yam the medicinal partchemical composition also contain other chemical composition. We canextraction and separation effective ingredients and functional food and drugdevelopment. The design and exploitation of yam peel detergent, which ishas good stabilit y, mild, eas y to wash, safe, moderate, stable, biodegradable,and easil y produced, make up the deficienc y both at home and abroad, aswell as provide the theoretical basis and application examples for thereasonable utiliz ation of yam peel.