Liver And Kidney Damage Caused By Trans Fatty Acids And Protection Of Procyanidins

Objective:From the perspective of oxidative stress, the toxic effect of Trans fatty acids (TFA)with different dosages on the liver and kidney of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were studiedand the protection and its mechanisms of Procyanidins (PC) on the liver and kidneyfollowing TFA damage were investigated, which provided the experimental basis for theprotection of PC on the liver and kidney following TFA-induced damage.Methods：In total sixty-four SD rats (32male and32female) were randomized into eightgroups, namely, normal control group, TFA groups with low, middle and high dosages,PC group and groups of TFA with low, middle and high dasages plus PC. In the normalcontrol group, intragastric administration of physiological saline was applied;intragastric administration of different dasages of TFA with25mg/kg.bw,50mg/kg.bwand100mg/kg.bw was also used in the TFA groups with low, middle and high dosages,which were all applied in the morning. In the TFA with low, middle and high dosagesplus PC groups, different doses of TFA were intragastrically administered in the morning,and the same dose of PC (50mg/kg) was intragastrically applied in the afternoon(including in the PC control group). All the experimental procedures were applied onceevery other day, eight weeks in total, with the volume of the intragastric liquid as10ml/kg. bw.After eight weeks, the weights of rats in each groups were detected. Followinganesthesia, the rats were sacrificed and the tissues were processed as follows:1. Thelivers and the kidneys were isolated and the organ coefficients were detected.2. Theindexes such as ALT, AST, γ-GT, TP, ALB, GLO, A/G, BUN, CRE, UA, etc, in the bloodserum were detected with the Automatic biochemical analyzer.3. The activity of SOD,GSH-Px and NOs and the contents of NO and MDA in the liver and the kidney were tested with the kit.4. With the routine HE staining, the pathological changes of the liverand the kidney were observed.5. All the data were analyzed with the SPSS13.0software.Results:1. Weight changes:The weight increasing of rats in all the TFA groups were higher than that in thecontrol group (P<0.05). Following the PC, the weight increasing of rats in the TFAgroups were still higher than that in the PC control group, but lower than the TFA groups(P<0.05).2. Changes of organ coefficients of liver and kidney:The organ coefficients in the TFA groups with middle and high doses were higherthan that in the control group (P<0.05). Following PC, the organ coefficient of liver inthe TFA group with high dose and the organ coefficient of kidney in the TFA groups withhigh and middle doses were still higher than those in the PC group (P<0.05); however,the three organ coefficients of liver and kidney were lower than those with same dose inthe TFA groups (P<0.05).3. Pathological observation of liver and kidney tissues:The results showed that the livers and the kidneys in the TFA groups with middleand high doses were damaged to different extents. Following PC treatments, the liverand the kidney damages in the TFA groups with different doses were alleviated, with theTFA group with low dose alleviated best.4. Influence on the liver function indexes in blood serum:Compared with those in the control group, the contents of ALT and AST in the TFAgroups with low, middle and high doses and the content of γ-GT in the TFA group withhigh dose were increased (P<0.05). Following PC protection, the contents of ALT, ASTand γ-GT in all the TFA groups were all lower than those in the TFA groups with somedoses (P<0.05).In the TFA group with high dose, the contents of TP and ALB and A/G ratio werelower than those in the control group, but the content of GLO was higher than that in thecontrol group (P<0.05). After PC protection, the contents of TP, ALB and GLO in theTFA group with high dose were higher or lower than those corresponding TFA groups(P<0.05). 5. Influence on the kidney function indexes in blood serum:The contents of BUN and CRE in the TFA groups with middle and high doses werehigher than the control group (P<0.05). After PC protection, the contents of BUN andCRE in the TFA groups with middle and high doses were lower than those in the TFAgroups with same doses (P<0.05). The UA contents in the TFA groups with middle andhigh doses were lower than those in the control groups (P<0.05). After PC protection,the UA contents in the TFA groups with middle and high doses were higher than those inthe TFA groups with the same doses (P<0.05).6. Detecting results of liver oxidative stress indexesCompared with the control group, in the TFA groups with middle and high doses, theactivity of liver SOD and GSH-Px was decreased but the contents of NOS, NO andMDA were increased (P<0.05). After PC protection, the activity of liver SOD andGSH-Px was higher than those in the TFA groups with the same doses (P<0.05); and thecontents of NOS, NO and MDA were lower than those in the TFA groups with the samedoses, with significant difference (P<0.05).7. Detecting results of kidney oxidative stress indexesCompared with the control group, in the TFA groups with middle and high doses, theactivity of kidney SOD and GSH-Px was decreased but the contents of NOS, NO andMDA were increased (P<0.05). After PC protection, the activity of kidney SOD andGSH-Px was higher than those in the TFA groups with the same doses (P<0.05); and thecontents of NOS, NO and MDA were lower than those in the TFA groups with the samedoses, with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusions:1. TFA(25mg/kg、50mg/kg、100mg/kg) with certain doses causes the liver and thekidney damages, which mechanisms might be correlated to the changes of oxidativestress effects in the liver and the kidney caused by TFA.2. PC performs the protection role for the liver and kidney damages via reversing theoxidative stress damages caused by TFA, which anti-oxidative effect might be one of themechanisms for PC protecting (repairing) the damages of liver and kidney caused byTFA.