Effects Of Cell Apoptosis Of Bisphenol A On The Germ Cell Of Male Offspring Mice

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most common environmental estrogen and a global environmental pollutants. With the increasing technological advances, BPA is applied to many areas of our life. BPA own a very long half-life and it has an adverse impact on the body’s reproductive system, immune system, nervous system, and the development of embryos, even the body can become cancerous, even induces cancerous and so on, which threat seriously to the health of human beings and future generations. There were a lot of experiments showed that BPA irreversible damaging effected on the body’s reproductive function, especially on the male reproductive system. However, there were still different views on reproductive toxicity about BPA.Object To investigate the effects of continued maternal exposure to BPA before or after birth on the testicular structures and expression of Caspase-3protein in male ICR offspring and to explore its possible mechanism of action.Methods Pregnant ICR mice were divided into2control groups, which were either given or not given the solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and3treatment groups, which were gavaged with water-soluble BPA dissolved in DMSO at3different concentrations from gestational day0to weaning on postnatal day (PND)42. On PND21and PND42, male offspring were sacrificed.(1)The number of offspring which were produced by each pregnant mice, male/female ratio of offspring in each group and the coefficient of testis was counted.(2) H.E staining was used for detecting pathological changes of the testicular tissue.(3)The morphology changes of testicular tissue were observed by using the transmission electron microscopy.(4) Hoechst33258staining detected testicular apoptosis.(5)Immunohistochemical detected testicular tissue of the expression of Caspase-3.(6) Western blot was used for detecting testicular tissue of Caspase-3expression levels.Results Although there was no significant difference between offspring of the control groups and the treatment groups in litter size and male-female proportion ((P>0.05), the testicular viscera coefficient in the latter decreased (P<0.01) with a dose-dependent. Specifically, compared with offspring of the control groups, in addition to increased cell apoptosis, the treatment groups were found to most mitochondria exhibited swelling, vacuole degeneration, rough endoplasmic reticulum expanded and showed degranulation in their spermatogonia cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and part of which the number of mitochondria had decreased and occurred nucleus chromatin. spermatogonia cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells exhibited normal blue in the blank control group. However, the nuclei of these cells showed pyknosis, dark staining and appeared white color in BPA group. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed that the expressions of Caspase-3significantly up-regulated in the middle and high dose group compared with control group. Meanwhile, Caspase-3expressed mainly in spermatocyte, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells.Conclusion Exposure to BPA before and after birth has some toxic effects on the testis of male ICR offspring. The mouse testis coefficient can decline, spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells morphological changes, which result from increased apoptosis of germ cells..