| Objective To investigate the mathematics cognitive function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and explore difference between ADHD and normal children in arithmetic and correct solution or incorrect solution using Event-related potential(ERP) and behavior.Methods Behavior datas and ERPs elicited by performing the mental calculation task were recorded in45children with ADHD and67normal children.The differences of behavior and N2component of ERP were compared and analysed.Resultsl The difference between ADHD and normal children in arithmetic:(1) Behavior results:The reaction time of the children with ADHD were longer than the control group in addition((949±144,829±166)ms), subtraction((981±129,856±170) ms) and multiplication((944±136,825±172)ms),the correct rate were less than normal control in the all three arithmetic operations(addition(0.80(0.69,0.86)%,0.90(0.84,0.96)%); subtraction (0.78(0.55,0.82)%,0.90(0.83,0.93)%); multiplication(0.86(0.73,0.92)%,0.93(0.89,0.97)%)), the difference had statistic significance (P<0.05).(2) ERP results:N2component can be elicited by all subjects in forehead. The amplitude of N2of children with ADHD were significantly lower than control group in the all three arithmetic operations at the left frontal (addition (-3.9±2.9,-6.8±2.7)μv;subtraction(-3.5±2.9,-7.4±3.4)μv;multiplication (-5.2±3.3,-7.8±2.9)μv)and frontal electrodes(addition(-4.1±2.5,-7.2±4.0)μv;subtraction (-5.0±3.2,-7.4±4.1)μv;multiplication(-5.2±3.1,-8.0±3.7)μv,), the latency of ADHD group were prolonger than normal children in subtraction operations at the right frontal ((328±36,307±27)ms) and left frontal((331±35,311±30)ms) and frontal electrodes((326±32,308±29)ms), the difference had statistic significance(P<0.05). in addition and multiplication operations, there was no significant difference in latency (P>0.05).Results2The difference between ADHD and normal children in correct solution or incorrect solution:(1) Behavior results:The reaction time of the children with ADHD were longer than the control group correct solutions ((894±165,762±166)ms) or incorrect solutions((1052±157,931±195)ms),the correct rate were less than normal control in the two conditions (correct solution0.91(0.87,0.94)%,0.96(0.92,0.98)%;incorrect solution0.88(0.79,0.92)%,0.96(0.92,0.97)%).(2) ERP results:N2component can be elicited by all subjects in forehead. The amplitude of N2of children with ADHD were significantly higher in correct solutions ((-7.1±2.9,-5.7±2.4)ms) and lower in incorrect solutions(-7.3±2.9,-8.6±2.0)ms) than control group, the latency of ADHD group were prolonger than normal children (correct solutions(321±28,299±23)ms;incorrect solutions(326±29,299±22)ms), the difference had statistic significance(P<0.05).Conclusion1The ability of inhibition irrelevant information and pay attention to control is weak, and have deficit in mental arithmetic in children with ADHD, such as addition, subtraction and multiplication operations, may due to they were slower in completing mathematical cognitive tasks, and have difficult in operation process of disorganized and self correcting ability, problem solving strategies are not mature, such as use low level strategy.Conclusion2Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have conflict monitoring function defects in solving correct solutions or incorrect solutions, in former the quantity of updating is less, cannot make the right reaction to relevance stimulus conflict task, in latter needs to put more psychological resources to compensate for information which is lost by attention deficit itself. which may assist in offering new objective evidence to clinical assessment and intervention. |
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