Effects Of Different Plastic Mulching Patterns On Dry Plateau Wheat Yield And Water Fertilizer Use In Southern Shanxi

The field experiments located in dry areas in southern of Shanxi province, were conducted to study systematically the rule of yield formation and water and fertilizer utilization characteristics and soil enzyme under different film mulching models, in combing field experiment and laboratory analysis of nutrients and physiological and biochemical methods. The main results as follows:Film mulching promoted the growth of wheat, increased the spike rate, biological yield and grain’s yield of wheat.The ridge film furrow planting and flat film dibbling increased spike rate by40.8%,5%; biological yield by10.8%,30.5%and grain’s yield by10.1%,24.3%than same fertilization controlled treatment. It was found that the ridge film furrow planting and flat film increased10.9%,34.4%than same fertilization controled treatment through ascertain by measuring the yield components and the differences reached significant level. But spike number and1000-grain weight was not significant among the different treatments. It showed that spike number per hectare was the main factor which affected the yield growth. Therefore, it has important practical significance that popularized ridge film mulching and furrow cultivation mode to increase yield of wheat in dry land of Southern Shanxi.There was no significant change of total soil water storage (0-200cm) among different treatment after harvest. The flat film dibbling and ridge furrow membrane treatment increased soil water storage (0-60cm) by12.2%,21.9%,WUE by28.5%,10.4%compared with controled fertilization treatment. It showed that mulching planting pattern is enhance improve the surface layer of soil water storage and WUE of wheat, the flat film dibbling has better effect on wheat growth.Plastic mulching have a significant improving effect on nutrient accumulation. In the mature period, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation of flat film dibbling and ridge furrow membrane compared to Monitoring and control fertilization treatments increased by15%-58%and7%-25%respectively. The mainly accumulation of N, P was from stems and leaves transfer to grain, amount of N, P transfer account about51.5%-73.7%,56.6%-98.1%of the total accumulation respectively. The nitrogen、phosphorus allocation of wheat with different treatments performance:the grain> stems and leaves>glume, the performance of potassium allocation was:stems and leaves> grain> glume. Flat film dibbling significantly improved the N, P, K uptake of winter wheat than ridge film furrow sowing treatment, increased by26.7%,49.6%,46%respectively.Different planting modes of film have different effects on nitrate accumulation in soil.The total amount of nitrate declined with film processing compared with the fertilization controlled treatment. The0-20cm soil layer significantly reduced the accumulation of NO3--N in soil after harvest, ridge film mulching and furrow seeding peace film planting than at the same fertilization and fertilization amount of nitrate accumulation was decreased by14.9%,8.7%. The accumulation of NH3+-N ridge film mulching and furrow seeding flat membrane treatment than the same amount of fertilizer sowing treatment increased14.6%,10.2%respectively, the difference reached significant level, but had no obvious rules of each treatment changes. Soil available P, K content decreased after harvest, but the difference was not significant,showed that film is more conducive to nutrient absorption and utilization of winter wheat.Different growth period of wheat soil enzyme activity was different in each growth period of wheat, catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activity reached the maximum in jointing stage, sucrase maximum during heading stage, in0-20cm and20-40cm soil layer, soil enzyme activity change trend is consistent, flat film dibbling and ridge film furrow sowing treatment on four kinds of enzyme activity of soil were improved, which was beneficial to soil nutrients activation, conducive to crop uptake accumulation, so as to improve wheat yield.To sum up, under the condition of local climate and soil fertility, nitrogen (N) amount of255kg/hm2, phosphorus quantity (P2O5)135kg/hm2, K content (K2O) based on the60kg/hm2,adopt flat film dibbling and ridge film furrow sowing measures can significantly promote the growth of winter wheat yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency improvement, whereas the flat film dibbling effect was better than the ridge film furrow sowing. Therefore, we should increase the planting patterns of flat film dibbling and ridge Film furrow sowing wheat in dry land catchment soil conservation extension and application of high production and efficiency.