Research On Congestion And Path Optimization Of Evacuation Process

With the fast development of urban construction, a large number of buildings show high, large, extraordinary and special features. Owing to the large flow of people and long residence time in these places, when fire or other public safety accidents happen, instability and insecurity spurt, threatening the safety of personnel. So it has important significance in starting actual research of personnel evacuation design and optimal configuration in different buildings, which provides relevant theoretical and technical support for architectural design.Due to too many uncontrollable factors in large-scale field trials and the complex implementing environment, this paper uses computer simulation method to study personnel evacuation. Starting with the crowded research in personnel evacuation process, this paper analyzed the crowded theory and its formation, development and results. Besides, this paper carried out evacuation simulation for different models inside the building and summed up the law to provide the best design so that congestion is slowed down or avoided.According to the congestion situation of the crowd, the paper abstracted the forming process of congestion and carried on theoretical analysis. It simulated the crowded conditions of different shapes of the exit and concluded the congestion situation of four exit types:"一" type,"(?)" type,"(?)" type,"⊥" type. It is also concluded that under the same conditions,"(?)" type safe evacuation exit took short time with a small degree of congestion and good evacuation effect. Through theoretical analysis and simulation analysis, the paper quantitatively analyzed the relationship among various parameters of refuge aisle, which provided the basis for the evacuation design.According to the actual model of the building, the paper drew its skeleton map.From the aspects of different evacuation widths, different exit quantities, different number of total exits with the same exit width, corner types, the size of the corner, the location of obstacles, the size of obstacles, the shortest path optimization and the shortest time optimization, this paper used single and multi-variable analysis to study the influence of exit width, evacuation routes corner, obstacles and path optimization setting on evacuation. The influence of exit width, path optimization design and obstacles to evacuation is larger while the evacuation routes corner has less effect on the evacuation.Through the theoretical analysis of the formation of congestion and the evacuation simulation, the paper provides helpful advice for relevant design of buildings and has practical significance.