Research On Space Layout Optimization Arrangement On Rural Settlements Of The Arid Area In Central Ningxia

The new rural construction is a major historic task in China’s modernization process. Research on optimizing the spatial distribution of rural settlements are plays an important role in construction of modern rural residential areas, improvement of rural living environment,promoting social and economic development in rural areas and speeding harmony between urban and rural. Yanchi county, Hongsipu area, Tongxin County and Haiyuan County in central arid zone of Ningxia are in typical arid,semi-arid agro pastoral ecotone, natural regional environment has obvious differences, economic development in these areas are not in balance. Since2007, in response to national policy,the arid area in central Ningxia established quite a number of ecological immigration village in different sizes, which broke the original residential pattern to a certain extent. This paper use this area as the study area, via cognition in the spatial distribution of rural settlements situation and evaluation analysis of influencing factors, the corresponding optimization was put forward, this has practical and theoretical value for the current ecological immigration in new rural construction development, rural residential land consolidation activities and land use planning.TM image of30×30grid units used in this paper, data statistics methods,such as GIS, SPSS,are used to analyse the present spatial distribution of rural residential settlement and relationship of settlement and the environment, based on this, principal component analysis is used in quantitative analysis of the impact of the spatial distribution of rural residential area natural resources, ecological environment, social economy and traffic location and others, the main factors are choosed as evaluation object, to analysis the suitability of rural residential settlement, optimization regulation model of different suitable area of rural residential are finally put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Rural settlements in study area are mainly in the slug, beaded, annular, dendritic, star point, spatial distribution. Small scale concentration, present mass dispersion evolution to mass concentration, small-scale decentralized direction changed with time; by the spatial change, from the mountainous area, hilly area to the plain, irrigation and better living conditions of the area.(2)Rural settlements in study area closely related to regional natural environment (topography,soil and so on), the production environment (cultivated land, transportation etc.)and the social and economic environment.(3)Study on the spatial distribution of cultivated land, grassland, forest land and water resources and other natural resources and abundant degree of influence factors of rural settlements distribution is the most important; ecological environment especially the soil erosion and land desertification degree is an important factor; the level of development of social economy and the town is the third major factors which influence the effect of traffic location; also very important.(4)Factors of rural residential area space layout status and influence, select the terrain niche index, traffic accessibility, by hydrological index and ecological sensitivity index, the spatial distribution of rural settlements suitability classified as highly suitable, suitable, appropriate, critical suitable and not suitable for five grade. (5)According to the spatial distribution of rural residential suitability zoning,based on fully considering the characteristics and conditions of each partition, in accordance with the needs of layout adjustment and may, for the five suitability partition, corresponding optimization model are proposed:①Relocation mode: this mode is suitable for the residential area.The village or town center will be distributed remote or not suitable for residential construction area residents are disposable or stage to move to the living conditions, so as to solve the problem of poverty.②Internal transformation mode:the model is for the residential area of the critical suitable region. The focus is to form a government guidance, the voluntary participation of the masses of the situation, mainly the transformation of old villages, surrounding subsidiary, avoid due to large-scale construction and demolition work social instability.③Priority development mode:the model is for the residential area.The focus is the development and construction of the village center, to give full play to the leading role in the region.④Urbanization development model:the model is for the more suitable areas and highly suitable areas in the urban residential layout. On the one hand,put the area which is close to town or the town center area residents into urban management system; on the other hand, the village with the larger population size and has a certain traditional position or radiation and leading role of in the region, as a focus on the development center.