The Biological Modification And Adsorption Property For Oil Spill Of Corn Stalk

With the rising demand of energy, petrochemical products are playing a very importantrole in industrial production and daily life of human. However, the environmental pollution ishuge and inevitable, which caused by oil spill because of improper use by human in theprocess of oil extraction, transportation, refining and utilization. When oil spill into the waterenvironment, it will endanger the survival of aquatic life, and then will damage the entireaquatic ecosystem. When oil spill into soil, it will cause the accumulation of organicpollutants in the plants and animals, what’s more, it will endanger the health of the organismgrowth. The pollution mentioned above, will finally have immeasurable impact on the healthsurvival of human. Therefore, how to effectively govern the oil pollution, restore theecological environment of habitat, and safeguard human health development, has becomepeople’s focus of attention.This paper studies the marine oil spill. And corn stalks were used as raw materials, andby means of biological modification, so as to prepare the marine oil spill adsorbent. Themethods of modifying including the following way:①Trichoderma viride modified cornstalks;②Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger mixed culture modified corn stalks. Byexploring impact of the modification time, the initial solid-liquid ratio and the modificationtemperature (for mixed culture modification, there were another adding factor of the impact ofthe two bacterial solution dosing ratio), the good adsorption performance of marine oil spillsorbents TCS and TACS were prepared. At the same time, the enzym activities ofcellulose-degrading fungi were tested to find out their influence on the adsorption capacity.Then, the component analysis, SEM, FT-IR and XRD of the raw material and modified materialwere carried out, in order to find out the inner reason of the increased adsorption capacity.Finally, a brief evaluation of the adsorption capacity of the material was made. The finalconclusions of the experiment are as follows:(1) The optimal conditions for the two oil spill sorbents are as follows:①ForTrichoderma viride modified corn stalk, the best factor combination of preparation are initialsolid-liquid ratio of1:4, modification temperature of25℃, modification time of6days. Themaximum oil adsorption amount obtained from TCS could reach13.84g/g, which is relativeto a110.3%increase in oil absorption amount of RCS.②For Trichoderma viride andAspergillus niger mixed culture modified corn stalk, the best factor combination of preparationare dosing ratio of1:1, initial solid-liquid ratio of1:5, modification temperature of25℃,modification time of6days. The maximum oil adsorption amount obtained from TACS could reach15.57g/g, which is relative to a136.63%increase in oil absorption amount of RCS.(2) The experiments of enzyme activity showed that the modification of corn stalk byTrichoderma viride, was mainly due to the secretion of cellulose and hemicellulose byTrichoderma viride, as a result, it caused the material degradation. Enzymatic hydrolysismade the material have more suitable the roughness and porosity, which is good for theadsorption of crude oil. While Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger mixed culturemodified corn stalk was mainly caused by the both cellulose-degrading fungi, which secretedcellulose and hemicellulose as extracellular enzyme to degrade the material. Meanwhile, sincethe mixed culture improved β-glucosidase enzyme, it promoted the degradation of thematerial within the crystallization region, so that the material had a suitable porosity, and thusadapted to adsorb a large amount of oil. In addition, for both of the preparation of TCS andTACS, extracellular enzyme activity, proved by cellulose-degrading fungi, and oil absorptioncapacity of the modified material had no positive correlation.(3) The cellulose and hemicellulose content analysis of the raw material and modifiedmaterial showed that the biological modification reduced the content of the material in thecellulose and hemicellulose. SEM, FT-IR and XRD analysis reflected that biologicalmodification kept the corn stalk’s basic crystal structure, and made the material rougher,which contributed to the sorption capacity.(4) Evaluation of adsorption capacity from TCS and TACS indicated that the twomaterials had rapid oil absorption and good oil retention performance.In all, using cellulose-degrading fungi (Trichoderma viride or Trichoderma viride andAspergillus niger mixed culture) to process the biological modification on the corn stalk,could prepare the oil spill sorbent TCS and TACS, which had good performance. In addition,the sources of material and the preparation process was environmental friendly, and did notproduce secondary pollution. Thus the oil spill adsorption material had good applicationprospects.