Multi-source Remote Sensing Data Application In Information Extraction Of Active Fault

Active faults are closely related to the shallow tectonic earthquake, the research of active fault is the basic work of the seismotectonic environment and engineering geological evaluation. In modern engineering construction, large-scale engineering location must be thoroughly eliminated the serious adverse effects of major active faults. There are multiple active faults involved in Kuruktag area, Xinjiang, at present, the extension of these active faults, the specific location, the relationship between low order faults structure and the regional deep fault has yet to be clear. Remote sensing technology which began from the1960s has characteristics of large synchronous observation area, strong timeliness, large amount of information,etc, compared with the single remote sensing data sources, multi-source remote sensing image can provide more rich and complementary information, this paper uses multi-source remote sensing data for the application research of active faults extraction, and take the main active faults in Kuruktag area for example, made detailed analysis of the distribution and activity of fault zone.The geological research work of Kuruktag area mainly focused on the geological structure characteristics and tectonic evolution, etc, but few specific discussions of active faults in the area, and research achievement of regional active faults by remote sensing is very limited. At present, People have different views about the extension condition of main active fault, there are no systematic discussions about reconstruction of geologic body on both sides by fault, especially fracture displacement. Through extracting the commonly used information sources for active faults and summarizing data processing method, we deem that the application of TM、ETM+, SPOT5and ASTER GDEM is most deeply applied on fracture structure extraction. Effective method of image processing is closely related to the characteristics of the data source itself in extract active faults, according to the role of various types of remote sensing images in active fault extraction, we adopt different image enhancement and transformation methods in order to highlight strengths and complement advantages.This paper took active faults in Kuruktag area as the main research object, emphatically studied the extraction of active faults in this area, the establishment of interpretation signs and developmental characteristics of active faults. Choose moderate resolution optical image TM, ETM+, high-resolution SPOT5images and ASTER GDEM data as remote sensing information source, after pretreatment processes such as the image geometric correction, registration fusion, mosaic cutting, which reduce or eliminate the original image error, interpreted signs for highlight remote sensing of active faults, while preserving and enhancing the advantage of various types of remote sensing image, focused on the method research of image enhancement and transformation. Results showed that TM and ETM+image are of high spectral resolution, suitable for false color synthesis, band ratio, principal component analysis, tasseled cap transformation spectral enhancement processing operations, in order to highlight the spectral characteristics of active faults structure, it used to extract linear tone anomaly of active faults. SPOT5image is of high spatial resolution, it is applicable to spatial domain enhancement processing method such as convolution filter, mathematical morphology filtering, texture analysis, etc, in order to enhance space linear characteristics of fracture. DEM data is of high vertical precision, by using the elevation pseudocolor density slicing method, slope analysis method and terrain analysis, we can highlight the topography and geomorphic characteristics of fracture structure, combined with multi-spectral images, we can extract the topography information of fracture more intuitively.According to the imaging characteristics of active faults showed in remote sensing image, it made the overall image feature extraction and active tectonic geomorphology characteristics analysis of typical section for the two major active faults in Kuruktag area, preliminarily determined the spatial distribution situation, the fracture properties and activity of Xinger fault and Xingdi fault combined with field test. It deemed from the overall image characteristics of fracture and local detailed interpretation that Xinger fault was reverse faults, fracture have compressive in nature, shear characteristics at the same time, and may have short-term sexual activity. It analyzed from rupture of sinian system strata that faults has left-lateral slip characteristics, and a series system of cross fracture drainage showed that the right strike-slip properties is extrude since Cenozoic era, it suggested that Xinger fault not only along the old tectonic boundary inheritance activities but also showed a new nature. The vertical difference of fault rupture performanced instead in western and eastern fault, fracture in western north ascend, and south depression, eastern instead. Like Xinger fault, Xingdi fault was reverse faults, and it is in the nature of left-lateral slip, but since Cenozoic era, fault showed the right strike-slip, right lateral moved a series of diluvial fan of the drainage and rushed across the fracture. The vertical faulting relationship of two sets performanced instead in western and eastern fault, fault in western north ascend, and south depression, eastern instead, the transformation location of fault relationship roughly between the Astan and Xingdi.It systematically analyzed the spatial distribution and activity features of the main active faults by using multi-source remote sensing means, determined displacement caused by fault activities in multiple locations, it is the first time for Kuruktag area. The successful application of a variety of image enhancement processing method in regional active faults, and regional active faults interpretation signs set up by indoor interpretation, field repeatedly validation, it provides a reference basis for active tectonic studies of the region and similar regional; The preliminary analysis results of geometric distribution, fracture properties of Xinger fault and Xingdi fault, which provides the technical support for other active fault research methods.