Research On The Model Building Of Rural Settlement Spatial Layout Optimization

Along with the rapid economic development, urban construction land supply cannot have satisfied the demand of the construction and the shortage of land quota becomes the bottleneck of urban development. However rural construction land revealed a large number of rural residential areas and layout messy. Long-term urban and rural thinking breaks the balance development of state. Together with lack of scientific town planning guidance, rural construction land presents extensive use which not only wastes the land, but also impedes rural development. Therefore, reasonablely constructing optimization layout model of rural residential areas can solve the contradiction between supply and demand, balance urban and rural development and speed up the construction of new socialist countryside.Papers to the chongqing zhongxian as the research object, in view of the current situation of the overall layout zhongxian rural residential areas the rationality of the features, the first comprehensive consideration of the research in the township of society, economy and natural, traffic location conditions and so on, the selection of the total population, the agricultural population, cultivated land per capita area, the grain yield per capita, crop planting area, school total amount, in GDP per capita net income of households, enterprise, retail sales of consumer goods, social, financial income, social fixed assets investment, road density, district average height, ground rough coefficient, from the distance, and cultivated land area, the slope area, forest land area per capita, rural residential areas area, land utilization in21indicators, using principal component analysis and cluster analysis, comprehensive conditions county areas, also in the division, based on the introduction of landscape characteristics analysis, this paper under the condition of different comprehensive rural residential areas of the current situation of the overall layout characteristics and existing problems, according to the area, the existing problems of the rural residential areas established optimizing the distribution pattern, and combining with the comprehensive conditions to make a difference in their planning principles and objectives of the situation, the selection of the area has a typical representative of the village as a example, using the spatial analysis method for optimizing the distribution adjusting rural residential areas, so as to form the mode of spots and guiding rural residential areas within the scope of zhongxian optimization layout. Research related results are as follows:(1) This paper using the principal component analysis and cluster analysis combination of methods, according to the comprehensive conditions, will Zhong county level from high to low is divided into A, B, C, D four comprehensive conditions division. A partition including Zhong town, the best comprehensive condition, its terrain for low mountain more shallow mound, topography condition are relatively poor, but land traffic and Yangtze river gold waterway make it having location relatively advantageous condition. Zhong town social economy development level is high, and it shoulders the burden of social and economic development. However, Zhong town on land use efficiency is relatively low. B partition, including Wuyang town, Xinsheng town, Shibao town, Guanba town, Maguan town, Xinli town, Bshan town, Huangjin town, Baishi town, Ruxi town and Sanhui town which are in Hilly Area and have good terrain condition, has better comprehensive condition except A partition. B partition has a strong ability to agricultural production, and land use efficiency is relatively high. However, because of poor location, B partition is subjected to the effect that prefectural region economy grows is limited, but with the development of the traditional industry and the tourism, all the towns still maintains a high social and economic development level. C partition has poor comprehensive condition, within the region, including the Dongxi town,Renjia town, the Yangdu town, Fuxing town, Yehe town, the Shihuang town, Shuanggui town, Huaqiao town, Yongfeng town, Mozi town, Tujing town, Jinji town. All towns in C partition are in Hilly Area and have poor topography condition, whose agricultural production capacity is low. C partition’s location condition is poor, together with the second and third industry foundation is weak, so all towns’social economic development is low level. D partition’s comprehensive condition is the poorest, including Jinsheng town, Xingfeng town, Shanguang town, Shizi town. The four towns are in mountain areas, topography condition and the geographical condition is weak. Because villages of the D area is most of the forest, the quantity of cultivating land is less and the proportion of the slope is larger. agricultural production capacity is low, they had almost no second and third industry, left them behind the social and economic development level.(2) By means of landscape characteristic analysis, the irrationality of residential spatial distribution can be found in Zhong Country. In terms of the overall residential distribution, there exists some problems as follows:①With its huge quantity and wide difference in area, the irregular form of rural residential area makes the space structure unstable.②The density of the rural residential area is so small and the degree of fracture and seperate is so big that the rural residential distribution faces huge imbalance, with its isolate and free distribution reflecting the unreasonable design of the rural residential area.In terms of distribution in comprehensive conditions division, attentions should be paid on the followings:①A area has the best comprehensive development conditions, but its present situation of residential distribution faces problems such as backward intensive use, the huge difference in scale and shape of rural residential plaques and the unstable space structures, especially in A area with its high terrain, where the residential area distributes freely, and we can not take advantage of its spare space to boost social and economic development.②B area, which is considered to have a preferable condition for social and economic growth, is bigger in residential area than the other areas due to a mass of argricultural population. However, because of the same problems as A area and its disordered distribution reflected by high rupture index, the distribution in B area needs furthur improvement.③As the worst in genaral conditions, C area has an average of150square meters of rural residential area and also presents a tendency in low level of intensive use. The problems in space distribution is highlighted by the huge inequality in the scale of rural residential area and its scattered distribution of pattern.④D area, which is the outskirts of Zhong Country, was born short in comprehensive development conditions, the proportion of rural residential areas relatively small, per capita area is lower than the national standard level, but rural residential areas existing differences of patches scale, the location of rural residential areas should be further optimized.(3) After optimization of the rural settlements in space layout is reasonable. Taking analysis on typical villages which is on behalf of the big small dispersed concentrated layout optimization model, strip zone Pro road layout optimization model and the city or town concentrated layout optimization model, the results show that in every comprehensive zones the shape of rural settlement patches tend to be simplified, broken degree decrease, reunion significantly improve. The rural settlements becomes more reasonable in the location selection.