Research On Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

Quantum cryptography is a combination of classical cryptography and quantum mechanics. And its security is guaranteed by the law of quantum mechanics instead of the computation ability of the attacker. It has been the focus of attention in recent years. Quantum key distribution is one of major branches of quantum cryptography, and there already exist many kinds of quantum key distribution protocols which focus on different aspect such as security, efficiency and practicability. But because of quantum particles can be easily affected by the outer environment, quantum cryptography needs devices of high precision. The high cost is beyond the ability of ordinary users. So reducing the cost to improve the functional value is a key step for quantum cryptography.The main contents of this paper are quantum key distribution protocols, semi-quantum key distribution and semi-quantum key distribution system.Firstly, this paper summarized some basic concepts, characteristics of quantum mechanics, and introduced some common technologies would be used in analyzing quantum cryptography protocols.Secondly, this paper proposed a permanent secure quantum key distribution protocol with authentication of both parties, and did some basic security analysis. This protocol has a high code effective rate and is sensitive to eavesdropping. The protocol is a combination of classical cryptography and quantum cryptography. The classical part is to authenticate the identity of each party and initialize the parameters used in the quantum part. While the quantum part uses an authentication key as basis to prepare and measure the quantum states, and will have a quantum state effective rate at100%. It is quite sensitive to eavesdropping since the error rate is0in an ideal condition. During the key distribution process, the identities of each party are authenticated.Thirdly, this paper proposed the conception of quantum key distribution system. Regarding the quantum network as a basic infrastructure which could be operated by the powerful government or company and provide the quantum key distribution service to ordinary users will solve the high cost problem of quantum facility. This is the original intention of this paper and fit for the idea of security and service.