Research Of Low Delay And Energy Eiffcient WSN Routing Protocol Based On Double-object Genetic Algorithm

WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), a new sensor networking for next generation,as one of the four high technology backbone industry, it has been widely used inmilitary, agriculture, environment monitoring, manufactures, artificial medicalocean researching and etc., so it has great significance for both national security andthe development of social economic.The supported technologies of WSN are mainly about data management and dataaggregation, time synchronization, localization, security and routing. Especially,routing is the key technology of them, because nodes must transmit the given dataform source node to sink node by routing algorithms but not others. Recently, thereare four different kinds of routing algorithm according to the different practicalapplications, they are separately energy-efficient routing protocols, query basedrouting algorithm, geographical related routing algorithm and reliability relatedrouting algorithm; and data management and data aggregation provides directlysupport for energy-efficient routing algorithm, time synchronization directly supportfor query based routing algorithm, localization provides directly support forgeographical related routing algorithm, and security provides directly support forreliability related routing algorithm; thus routing is the key technology of WSN, andthe research of it has great significance.How to design an energy-efficient routing algorithm is the key issue of WSNbecause of characterize of the energy limited of WSN and the difficulty to change thebattery for prolonging the lifecycle of the network. Recently, several energy-efficientrouting algorithm and their improvements have been proposed to solve theseproblems, but there still existing some shortages of them:(1) Sacrifice network life cycle for individual nodes low energy consumption.The lifecycle of the network is the time form the network is deployed to when the firstdead appeared. Some routing algorithms focusing on the individual nodes’ energyconsumption lead to reducing the lifecycle of the whole network.(2) There is too much dependence of low-layer protocols. For example, some protocols use sleep strategy to save energy of individual nodes, and this strategy mustsupported by the hardware and the protocols of MAC-layer, thus the portability is notthat considerable.(3) Sacrifice other QoS requirements for lifecycle. WSN has different QoSrequirements such as transmission delay, packet lose rate according to differentapplications。Especially, the multi-path energy aware routing algorithm sacrifice thepacket lose rate to prolong the lifecycle of the network as long as possible.This paper proposed a new routing algorithm to guarantee both the lifecycle andtransmission delay, one of the QoS requirements, based on multi-path energy awarerouting algorithm. But it is not that easy because low delay and long lifecycle is a pairof contradictory, so in order to solve this problem this paper analyzed the relationshipbetween genetic algorithm and WSN, according to the similarity of the two proposedan improved genetic algorithm in order to optimize two objects simultaneously. Thecontributions of this paper are as followings:(1) Research the similarity of WSN and genetic algorithm, and propose animproved Double-object algorithm (DGA) in order to adapt the networkingenvironment which aims to optimize both the lifecycle and transmission delay.(2) Modeling the lifecycle and transmission delay, and make them as the twoobjects of routing algorithm.(3) Propose and new low delay energy efficient routing algorithm based on DGA(LDEE-DGA) and simulates it by MatLab2009, the simulation results show that theperformance of transmission delay is lower than multi-path routing algorithm and theperformance of energy consumptions are lower than multi-path energy aware routingalgorithm.The simulation results show that, the lifecycle of LDEE-DGA-αis prolonged9%than LEACH algorithm; and3%longer than multi-path routing algorithm;simultaneously, the transmission delay of LDEE-DGA-β is lower than LEACHalgorithm by15%, and lower than multi-path energy efficient by8%, to conclusion,LDEE-DGA has great significance of WSN.However, there still needs further work of this paper, for the first hand, themodeling of the parameters is not just exactly as the actual network, and this paperignored the sudden and potential factors of the actual network; another hand, thispaper only take the transmission delay of the QoS requirements for consideration butnot including others such as reliability, packet lose rate and etc., further research will be done form the two aspects above.