Based On The Spatial Distribution Of Lead Pollution And Health Risk Assessment Division Method And Case Study

Background:China is a biggest country of production and consumption of lead in the global context. The development of lead and zinc industry apparently characterized in intensive form, which lead enterprises release lead into environment or eco-system in the process of metal mining and smelting, processing and recycling. The pollutant of lead can remain, accumulate and transport in different environment mediums. People may be exposed to lead through respiratory tract, digestive tract or hand contact, which maybe cause diverse health effects, and even produce irreversible damage in children’s development and intelligence. In recent years, there have been numerous examples of health damage caused by lead pollution, and some of which have been a factor of threat to social stability and harmony. Though lead contamination has extensive sources and wide damaging range, however, it does not develop into damage whenever and wherever. The distribution of health damage shows obvious cluster effect. Therefore, in the case of limited administrative resources, we must firstly make clear the spatial distribution of pollution of lead so as to manage the priority high risk area. Although some advanced researchers have done something on this theme, there existed some limitations. Objective:This thesis aims at discussing and establishing a set of health risk assessment and zoning methods based on distribution of lead contaminant so as to provide the scientific basis for risk management. Methods:Based on the review of previous researches on environmental health risk assessment techniques and methods, the formation process and features of health risk of lead, the steps to and index systems zone health risk area was put forward combined with experts’suggestion. The analytic hierarchy process was plied to confirm the weight. A case-study was conducted in Zhehai Town, Yunnan province according to the established methods, and zoned28villages into three different risk regions. Results:The valid questionnaires were returned. The value of authority coefficient was0.81and0.84, respectively. The value of correspond coefficient ranged from0.816to0.917. The health risk assessment system of lead pollution composed three fields:hazard of resource, susceptibility of population and accessibility of risk and consisted of eleven indicators. The contribution of three filed were 0.5343,0.1653and0.3004, respectively. According to the risk of case study, Ayika, Maseka and other five villages were ranked into high risk region, which need to give priority to the prevention and control. Conclusion:The hazard of lead source is the dominant factor of the regional health risks, while a good level of public services can cut the regional health risks. This Expert Experience-based integrated assessment method is scientific and practical, which could be used not only to assess current risk but also to predict future risk.