Study Of Zanthoxylum Schinifolium Rust

Zanthoxylum schinifolium was a kind of improved variety plant which belongs to Rutaceae,meanwhile, it is a famous oil and spices tree. It is not only the Chinese herbal medicine, but aslo can afforest environment, conserve water and soil, it has planted widely as a new species in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Chongqing,Kunming and so on. However,Zanthoxylum schinifolium diseases and insect pests to become more serious every day in recent years.The main plant disease endangers leaves which located in the period of seedling stage,wide distribution, the development of Zanthoxylum schinifolium has a bad effect influence. This experiment studied the physiological impact of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and the control method based on the pathogen and pathogenesis regularity of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust through the field experiments and laboratory analysis. The results as follows:(1). The pathogen of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rustIn order to define the species, the pathogens from different regions were isolated and identified by morphology and molecular biology, and the pathogen was first identified as Coleosporium zanthoxyli Diet.et Syd., the accession number in GenBank was JQ219672. The pathogenic bacteria shape was oval or bar-type, and almost transparent buff. In500random uredospore of apathogen The biggest diameter transversar is16.3μm and the smallest is21.7μm, the biggest Longitudinal diameter is25.8μm and the smallest is16.3μm, the mean of diameter transversa is30.4μm, the diameter transversar is17.2μm. Through the electron microscope, Urediniospores was string-like arrangement and Urediniospores heap with obvious package or no package; surface rough warts, warts into a pagoda-like, some points of2-3layers of the teeth was not easy to see. Uredospore string students could be seen clearly under electron microscopy and uredospore piles with obscure coat or without package; surface coarse wart liked a tower and some portion with2or3layers which the tooth hole was not easy to see;its teliospore in bars, round top, gradually narrow down, form arrangement which liked a shed and color was light yellow, the size of50-110μm x20-25μm. The top wall thickness were10-20μm. When teleutospore germinate, it would produced3diaphragms, divided winter spored into 4cells, and then the individual cells produced a small terrier, which would form a sporidium.(2). Occurrence regularity of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rustTook the Yucheng Districti’s Rock Hill of Ya’an in Sichuan Top Zanthoxylum schinifolium as an experimental base, the occurrence regularity of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust was observed through field sampling point in the2010-2011, the general regularity of vine Cayenne and mode of pathogen transmission was mastered. the pathogen’s uredospore propagation of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust was closed related with forest wind and the dispersal of spores was mainly depend on wind. Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust with sporadic occurrence as early as the beginning of july, vine Cayenne rust occured widespread and increased dramatically in late August and middle September, cessation of onset in early November, Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust disease index and the summer spore of vine Cayenne rust fungi in germination period (7-8) were positively related to the temperature, little morbidity and incidence when the temperature was higher than26℃; It was connection between high temperature and summer drought climate. There was a connection between Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust disease index and july-august monthly rainfall, and rainfall of june-august also determined the starting period of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust.(3). Effection of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust on its host physiological metabolismTo undertook a series of physiological index determination on different period susceptible of Zanthoxylum schinifolium,the acid indene three ketone colorimetric method, guaiacol method were used, the results showed that the occurrence of rust was became more and more serious as time getting longer.Effection of Vine Cayenne rust on its host physiological metabolism indexes were increased; POD activity, PPO activity, PAL activity, free proline content, chlorophyll content were showed significant difference with control. At Early period, POD activity, PPO activity, PAL activity, free proline content and chlorophyll content had changed obviously, while the change rate was relatively small; in the popular stage of pathogenesis, the change rate increased significantly; with the continuing of onset, effection of rust on host also showed ascendant trend. Account for rust could affect the vine Cayenne physiological metabolism in a short period of time, and the effection enlarged with the illness more severity. With the occurrence of rust, the activity of CAT did not changed, and there was not significantly different from that of CK, explained that rust had no effect on CAT. POD, PPO, PAL and free proline content was significantly correlated with disease index; chlorophyll content was significantly negative correlation with disease index, while there was no correlation with catalase.(4). Integrated control of Zanthoxylum schinifolium rustZanthoxylum schinifolium were performed priored to the onset of the prevention of experimental and morbidity during cure experiment through Bordeaux, lime sulfur mixture,15%Triadimefon WP,70%mancozeb WP,70%thiophanate methyl, by statistical software SPSS single factor analysis of variance (Duncana) revealed, effection of prevention was better than that of cure experiment. In Prevent experimente, effect of prevention reached93%with usage of15%Triadimefon WP in700times and70%mancozeb WP in700times, while effection of prevention reached50%in the worst Bordeaux; in cure experiment, the best control effect was53.5%with70%mancozeb in700times and the worst control effect was just9.3%with Bordeaux.In Ya’an, parasite (Zanthoxylum schinifolium rust fungi biocontrol) was discovered and isolated, then identified as Ramularia (Ramularia Unger) fungi through morphology.Parasitized rate of Tuberculina vinosa could reach100%in the end, but its time that occurrence of superparasitism lags behind rust happended.