Effects Of Aflatoxin Contaminated Corn And Mycotoxin Binder On Performance And Health Status Of Cherry Valley Ducks

The experiment was carried out to determine the effects of feeding diets formulated with naturally contaminated corn with aflatoxins on performance, health status of liver and kidney, immune function and AFB1residue in plasma, liver, muscle, and evaluated the ability of mixed mycotoxin binder (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall). A total of1392one-day-old SM-3strain cherry valley male ducks were randomly divided into6groups, each group contained16replicates,10replicate contains10ducks each, ducks in these replicates were used to evaluate the growth performance, the other6replicates contained22ducks each, ducks in these replicates were used for sample collection, the experiment lasted42days, starter (0-21d) and finisher (22-42d). In this study, a block randomized design was used with2×3factorial arrangement, contained3levels of MC (0%,50%,100%) and2levels of MB (Omg/kg,2000mg/kg), dietary treatments included:1) control;2) control+0.2%MB;3) Medium mycotoxin control (with local contaminated corn,50%substitute the non-contaminated corn);4) Medium mycotoxin control+0.2%MB;5) High mycotoxin control(with local contaminated corn,100%substitute the non-contaminated corn);6) High mycotoxin control+0.2%MB. Indexes reflect performance:Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed to gain ratio (F/G), mortality rate; Indexes reflect liver function: concentration of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptadase (GGT), relative weight of liver, apoptosis of liver; Indexes reflect renal function: concentration of uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), relative weight of kidney, apoptosis rate of kidney; Indexes reflect immune function:relative weight of spleen, fabrius, thumbus were measured on d7,14,21,28,35,42d, and AFB1in liver, plasma and muscle of42th d were detected by LC-MS/MS.(1) Moldy corn (MC) significantly decreased BW and FI of every stage (P<0.05), and decreased BWG of every week (except d35-42)(P<0.05), significantly decreased F/G of d15-21,35-42,1-21,22-42,1-42(P<0.05), increased F/G of dl-7,22-28(P<0.05), increased mortality of d15-21,1-21,1-42(P<0.05). Mycotoxin binder (MB) significantly increased BW of d35(P<0.05), increased BWG of d35-42(P<0.05), increased FI of d29-35,22-42,1-42(P<0.05), increased F/G of dl-7,1-21,1-42, decreased mortality of d22-42,1-42(P<0.05).The MC and MB interact on BW, BWG in starter phase and FI, mortality in the whole experiment period(P<0.05). Effect of MB used in the control and high mycotoxin control was inconsistent. MB decreased performance of control, increased that of high mycotoxin control.(2) MC decreased TP, ALB of all stages (P<0.05), increased GGT of d7,14,35, increased ALT of d21,28,35, increased AST of every stage, increased relative weight of liver of every stage (except d42), increased apoptosis of liver of d28, and make the liver get pathological changes. MB increased TP of d28and ALB of d21,28, decreased relative weight of d35and apoptosis of d42, and relived pathological changes of liver. The MC and MB interact on concentration of TP and ALB of d14,21,28, and relative weight of d21,35(P<0.05). Effect of MB used in medium mycotoxin control and high mycotoxin control was inconsistent. MB decreaed serum TP and ALB of medium mycotoxin control, increased that of high mycotoxin control.(3) MC decreased UA in whole period (P<0.05), increased CRE of d7,28, increased CRE of every stage, MC increased apoptosis of d7,14,28,35(P<0.05). MB decreased relative weight of d21(P<0.05), decreased kidney apoptosis of d7,14(P<0.05). The MC and MB interact on relative weight of kidney of d21and kidney apoptosis of d21,28,35(P<0.05). MB increased relative weight of kidney of medium mycotoxin control of d21, decreased that of high mycotoxin control of d21. Effect of MB used in medium mycotoxin control and high mycotoxin control was inconsistent. MB increased kidney apoptosis of of medium mycotoxin control of d28,35, decreased that of high mycotoxin control of d28,35.(4) MC increased relative weight of spleen in whole experiment period (P<0.05), decreased relative weight of thymus of d14. MB decreased relative weight of spleen, thymus and fabrius of d21. The MC and MB interact on relative weight of fabrius (P<0.05). Effect of MB used in medium mycotoxin control and high mycotoxin control was inconsistent. MB decreased relative weight of fabrius of medium mycotoxin control of d7, increased that of of high mycotoxin control of d7.(5)AFB1residue in liver is the more than that in plasma and muscle, AFB1were only detected in high mycotoxin control and high mycotoxin control+0.2%MB, AFB1in muscle was not detected, AFB1in tissue was not affected by addition of MB.These results indicated that diet with corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins increased mortality, decreased BW, BWG, FI, F/G, function of liver was heavily damaged, kidney and immune function were slightly damaged. MB was effective in increasing performance, especially in high mycotoxin control, MB could alleviate the the damage to liver caused by MC and slightly reduce the damage to kidney and immune function. AFB1residue of liver of high mycotoxin control were0.051、0.068μg/kg.