| The impact of moving storm characteristics on runoff generation and soil erosion are not fully understood despite their importance. A physical-based hydrology model is employed to study it combining with sufficient hydrology data at present time. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments, systematically considering different rainfall intensities, durations, moving directions, rainfall positions, and no-rainfall intervals, were conducted to investigate the impacts of rainfall characteristics on runoff generation and soil erosion. Significant differences, including hydrograph, sediment graph and soil water content, were observed to check the distributed model.The following conclusions are drawn for the studied rainfall characteristics and soil from this study:(1) The mechanism of runoff generation in this study is controlled by Dunne.(2) The soil erosion is mainly transport-limited while the peak runoff is small. But it will shift from a transport-limit to a detachment-limited regime if the peak runoff is larger than30ml/s.(3) Compared with moving downstream rainfall scenarios (MDRSs), moving upstream rainfall scenarios (MURSs) can generally be characterized by hydro graphs with an advanced rise and a smaller runoff peak for most of the rainfall events. However, MURSs may generate more runoff amounts during long duration due to the surface sealing formation.(4) The no-rainfall interval could affect the next rainfall event by changing the initial soil condition and speed up the time to the runoff start-time.(5) For MDRSs, the time of peak runoff and that of peak soil erosion are matched. But it may become more complex in consideration of the cracks and surface sealing for MDUSs and the Position-fixed rainfall scenarios.Not only does this study expand the understanding of hydrologic response and erosion, it also provides an important database for the hydrology community. |
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