Study On Soil And Water Conservation Benefits Of Different Patterns Of Forests In Limestone Degraded Mountain In Middle-south Of Shandong Province

To explore saving water and protecting soil of different types of forests in Limestonedegraded mountains area in Middle-south of Shandong province, choose appropriate in thehill country of central southern Shan dong tree type, for Shan dong province and even in northof China builds and restore soil and water conservation forest significance. This studyselection in the PaLouShan watershed of Xintai, the JingWen watershed of Mengyin, theNanJiaShan watershed of Sishui and the ShiMenFang watershed of Linqu to create the forestis divided into subjects. Different kinds of forest types on the litter accumulation, the physicalproperties of soil, soil hydrological effect, the biomass of shrub and grass, the vegetationcover of shrub and grass,soil erosion and the Soil and Water Conservation Effocoency werequantitative analysised and quantitative evaluated. Choose the ecological benefit relativelygood forest types. Made the following research results and conclusions:（1）5kinds of density types of Platycladus orientalis of the litter accumulation, thephysical properties of soil, soil hydrological effect, the biomass of shrub and grass, thevegetation cover of shrub and grass,soil erosion and the Soil and Water ConservationEffocoency were analyzed. Results show that: Litter accumulation amount of the largest sideof the planting density is the largest in the5kinds of density types of Platycladus orientalis.The Litter accumulation amount of the order:5000plants per hectare>2500plants perhectare>1667plants per hectare>1111plants per hectare>833plants per hectare.5kinds of density types of Platycladus orientalis are significantly of the differences bythe Litter accumulation amount of all undecomposed,semi-decomposed and decomposed.soare the the biomass of shrub and grass, the vegetation cover of shrub and grass,which of theorder:5000plants per hectare＜2500plants per hectare＜1667plants per hectare＜1111plants per hectare＜833plants per hectare. The shrub and grass vegetation cover andbiomass increased significantly with planting density decreases. Density of1667plants per hectare of Platycladus orientalis, has the lagest amount sumingup of litter, leaf biomass of shrubs, stem and leaf biomass of herbaceous, decomposing toimprove the effect of soil physical properties best.In accordance with the five kindsof densityside of Platycladus orientalis, the improvement effects on soil physical properties andhydrological effects of the order:1667plants per hectare>2500plants per hectare>1111plants per hectare>5000plants per hectare>833plants per hectare.The amount of soil erosion in different density side of Platycladus orientalis there aresignificant differences, compared with the control of differentdensity side of Platycladusorientalis reduced the amount of soil erosion in the order:1667plants per hectare>2500plants per hectare>1111plants per hectare>5000plants per hectare>833plants per hectare.The water and soil conservation benefit of different density side of Platycladus orientalis inthe order:1667plants per hectare>2500plants per hectare>1111plants per hectare>833plants per hectare>5000plants per hectare. To this end, the dry and barren limestonemountain slopes of the upper side of the Platycladus orientalis afforestation density from1667to2500is appropriate.（2）Accumulation of litter in13different forest types, shrub and grass vegetation coverand biomass, and soil physical properties, the effect of soil water, soil erosion, water and soilconservation benefits, research shows that: Soil physical properties and hydrological effectswere good of single Robinia pseudoacacia forest, single Cotinus coggygria forest,Platycladus orientalis and Robinia pseudoacacia mixed forest.followed by single Acer monoMaxim. forest, single Koelreuteria paniculata forest, single Ailanthus altissima forest,single Pistacia chinensis forest, Platycladus orientalis and Cotinus coggygria mixed forest,Platycladus orientalis and Acer mono Maxim. mixed forest, Platycladus orientalis andKoelreuteria paniculata mixed forest, Platycladus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima mixedforest, Platycladus orientalis and Pistacia chinensis mixed forest.While single Platycladusoriental improve the soil physical properties and hydrological effects of poor.13different forest types of the shrub and grass vegetation cover and biomass with thegreatest of single Robinia pseudoacacia forest, mixed coniferous center, and singlePlatycladus orientalis forest with the minimum. Analysis of variance the different foresttypes and a decrease of the amount of soil erosion with the control, there were significant differences. Single Platycladus orientalis forest of the side than in the control to reduce theerosion of minimum52.095t hm^-2 a^-1. Single Robinia pseudoacacia forest reduce erosion upto56.977t hm^-2 a^-1. Different forest types of soil and water conservation-effective there aresignificant differences. In soil and water conservation-effective size of the order: singleRobinia pseudoacacia forest>Platycladus orientalis and Robinia pseudoacacia mixed forest>single Cotinus coggygria forest> single Koelreuteria paniculata forest> single Acer monoMaxim. forest> Platycladus orientalis and Cotinus coggygria mixed forest> single Ailanthusaltissima forest> single Pistacia chinensis forest> Platycladus orientalis and Acer monoMaxim> Platycladus orientalis and Koelreuteria paniculata mixed forest> Platycladusorientalis and Ailanthus altissima mixed forest> Platycladus orientalis and Pistaciachinensis mixed forest> single Platycladus oriental forest.（3）Six kinds of different stand types of forest soil physical properties, the effect of soilwater, soil infiltration rate, soil erosion, water and soil conservation benefits, studies haveshown that: the total porosity of soil in thorder: hawthorn forest> pepper-forest> persimmonforest>toonforest>peach forest> walnut grove. The soil infiltration rate of Density of833zhu hm^-2hawthorn forest was the fastest,followed by density of1667zhu hm^-2pepperforest and density of833zhu hm^-2persimmon forest.The soil penetration rate of toonforest,peach forest,walnut grove was slower. The the amount of soil erosion redused ofdifferent stand types compared with the control exists a significant difference, Thereduced erosion amount in the walnut grove than controls to is36.842t hm^-2 a^-1,whilehawthorn forest to reduce the erosion of the largest40.98t hm^-2. The soil and waterconservationeffective of different forest types in the order: hawthorn forest> pepper forest> Persimmonforest> toon forest> peach forest> walnut grove, and the different stand types of water andsoil conservation effectiveness varied significantly.（4）Different densities of forest soil physical properties, effect of soil water, soil infiltra-tion rate, soil erosion, water and soil conservation benefits, studies have shownthat: The totalporosity of soil in Hawthorn forest density for the833zhu hm^-2, showed significantdifference compared with density of500zhu hm^-2.So did density of625zhu hm^-2compared to500zhu hm^-2.800zhu hm^-2hawthorn forest and persimmon forest soil physical properties than500zhu hm^-2, a smaller density better; for the same density of hawthornforest and persimmon forest, hawthorn forest better.The three different density of the forest soil the initial infiltration rate, soil stability,infiltration rate increases as the density decreases gradually. The reduced amount of soilerosion in forest of different density compared with the control,500zhu hm^-2persimmonforest erosion reduce the minimum for37.165t hm^-2.while833zhu hm^-2of hawthorn forestto reduce erosion the greatest for40.98t hm^-2. Water storage and soil conservation benefitsincreased with the density decreases, and the effectiveness of different stand types of soil andwater conservation significantly identical.