Chemical Composition Analysis Of Typical Eutrophication Remediated Plants And Metabolite Isolation From Green Reed(Phragmites (Sp.))

In this paper, based on the Complex Flow Constructed Treatment Wetland (Complex Flow CTW, CFCTW) system of the tail water from domestic sewage, δ15N and δ13C accumulation in the plants of parrot weather, pennywort, Arundo donaxl, Common Reed, Cyperus haspan and Cyperus alternifolius have been analyzed, and the chemical compositions of the pioneering plants of parrot weather, pennywort, Arundo donaxl and Green reed have been determined. The results were as follows:(1) among the five subsystems of the CFCTW system, pennywort from the Subsystem IV (High efficient self-purification aquatic subecosystem) is the largest contribution to the nitrogen (δ15N) enrichment, with δ15N accumulation of10.44～11.37; Green reed has the strongest ability for carbon enrichment (CO2fixation),δ13C enrichment in stem is higher than that in leaf of Green reed, and carbon enrichment in tender stems and leaves of Green reed is much higher than those in old stems and leaves.(2) Leaf amino acids are significantly higher than those in stems of all remediated plants. The highest amounts of total amino acids in stems and leaves (especially stems) are in pennywort and parrot weather, with leaf essential amino acids and y-aminobutyric acid to the maximum. Crude protein content in the remediated plants are>10%, higher than the general straw of3%～5%crude protein. ADF content for stems and leaves of Green reed and Arundo donaxl are as high as40%and30%, respectively. These remediated plants can be developed for animal feed. Heavy metal contents in the remediated plants are within the limitation of National Standards. Both parrot weather and pennywort accumulate more P, K and Ca highest as7～10times,2～4times and3～8times as maize straw, and more Mn Cu, Zn and Fe a few times to hundreds times compared to the general plants, and therefore, they can be reused as fertilizer and/or micronutrient fertilizer.This paper also demonstrate the Steam Explosion Pretreatment Technique established to degradate the stem and leaf of Green reed(Phragmites(sp)), which is a variant from Common reed(phragmites). The medicinal effect of Total Flavonoids (TF) extracts, the extraction and separation of the flavonoids, as well as volatile oil components have been carried on the plants of Green reed. The results were as follows:(1) Contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in Green reed stems are35%,30%and12%, respectively, and thus Green reed stems can be reused as high-quality raw materials for bio-ethanol production. The optimized pretreatment conditions for Steam Explosion of Green reed as follows:(1) the steam explosion pressure is3.0MPa;(2) time for steam explosion pressure is90s-120s, result in the steam-explosion Green reed stem materials with high cellulose and low lignin content.(2) Green reed leaf can accumulate high content of TF than stem. Leaf Green reed TF Ethyl-acetate extracts (CRTFE)(>10μg/ml) exhibit the significantly diastolic activities on PE (1mmol/L) pre-contracted rat thoracic aortic rings, and Butanol extracts (CRTFB)(>20μg/ml) hold the significantly diastolic activities on PE (lmmol/L) pre-contracted rat thoracic aortic rings, which are characterized as non-endothelium-dependent effect, concentration-dependent and time-dependent effects. The process for extracting and separating flavonoids from Green reed has been established as follows:80%ethanol reflux extractionâ†'liquid liquid extractionâ†'macroporous resin separationâ†'ODS column chromatography separation.(3) GC/MS demonstrate that hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester and pentyl-cyclopropane could be the main volatile oil component in stem and leaf, respectively. The Green reed biomass contains natural plasticizer compound, and one metabolite of di-Sec-octyl phthalate, of purity of99.9%, has been first isolated from the CRTFB extracts in the stems and leaves of the Green reed biomass.