Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Stack Design And Development

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an emerging technology which combines sensor measurement technique, mechanics and electronics, communication network, and is more and more applied in many fields, such as intelligent household, environmental monitoring, national defense, emergency rescue and disaster relief, agricultural and industrial fields. As a new type of network system, wireless sensor networks has characteristics such as miniature, large-scale, high energy consumption, few resources. So traditional network protocol stack cannot be directly used, and it's urgent to design their own unique protocol stack and application platform for wireless sensor network.Considering the characteristics of WSN, the article give the general framework and detailed design scheme of WSN communication protocol stack. MAC layer will combined with the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) which poses the mechanism of response and retransmission, so as to minimize the probability of signal conflict. Meanwhile, in combination with the optimization TPSN time synchronization,,the nodes on the network can be dormant or surveillant,work intermittently on the basis of time synchronization. And routing layer protocols will take an improved algorithm of LEPS—Minimum Transmission Cost Link Estimation Parent Selection(MTCLEPS), which can optimize the network protocol stack and improve the network lifetime. This paper presents the WSN protocol stack and the overall design of the function of all layers, provide support for environmental monitoring application.In the last we tested the WSN protocol stack scheme in the TinyOS experimental platform, implemented the function of each layer of the protocol stack, and can finally realized by medium scale networking, collected the environmental monitoring data. And when some nodes died, it can realize the routing updates and self-organization.