| Background: Renal cell carcinoma is the common malignant tumor andat the present time it is just inferior to the bladder cancer to be the secondmost common tumor in the urinary system in our country. The morbidity ofrenal cell carcinoma accounts for3%in systemic malignant tumors and morethan85%in renal tumors, of which about85%is renal clear cell carcinoma.The cases of renal cell carcinoma can be discovered in any age; therefore it isa severe threat to human health. Despite an extensive study on renal cellcarcinoma has been performed, the mechanisms of its generation andprogression still are indefinite. There are no obvious symptoms in the earlystage in addition to its higher malignant degree, which makes it relativelydifficult to diagnose early. When diagnosed for the first time, about50%patients are in the advanced stage, and when definitely diagnosed, about35%have metastasis. Currently, surgery is still the primary therapeutic methodapplied for renal cell carcinoma, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy are notregarded as conventional therapies for that it is not sensitive to them. In recentyears, targeted therapy and biotherapy have made a certain progress in thetreatment of renal cell carcinoma, but the effect is limited. Cell cyclecheckpoint kinase1(CHK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, which ishighly conservative in the process of biological evolution and plays animportant role in the regulation of cell cycle point caused by DNA damage. Ithas been shown that the dysfunction of CHK1is related to the tumor'sgeneration and progression. What's more, to those tumor cells, active CHK1promotes the function of DNA damage repair system, which significantlyreduces the lethal effects of chemotherapeutics on tumor cells and isintimately linked to drug resistance and relapse. RAD51is one of highlyconservative DNA repair proteins, which is one of the core proteins in the process of homologous recombination repairing for damaged DNA. The DNAhomologous recombination repairing pathways mediated by RAD5l proteincan resist against DNA damage induced by a variety of factors, which benefitsfor the genome stability. RAD51protein highly expresses in a lot of tumorcells, and it is commonly known that its abnormal expression is related to thegeneration, progression, resistance to chemotherapeutics and poor prognosisof tumor. Although a large number of researches have been made on RAD51and CHK1, the expression of them in renal cell carcinoma has not beenreported.Objective: To study the expression of CHK1and RAD51in renal clearcell carcinoma, and analyze their relationship with their clinically pathologicalparameters, then initially discuss their clinical significance. It was hoped thatthis research could make clear the generation and progression mechanisms ofrenal cell carcinoma and provide a theoretical foundation on its internaltreatment and prognostic judgment.Method:1Collected specimens: All the specimens were provided by urologysurgery in the Fourth Hospital of He bei Medical University from January toDecember in2011. The specimens in the experiments were definitelydiagnosed by postoperative pathology, including56cases of renal clear cellcarcinoma tissues,24cases of peritumoral tissues (2cm-5cm away from thetumor edge),12cases of normal tissues (over5cm away from the tumoredge).Both the peritumoral tissues and normal tissues were confirmed to bethe normal renal tissues with HE staining. All patients didn't receive anyanti-cancer internal treatment before receiving operation. All specimens werefixed with10%formaldehyde solution and regularly embedded with paraffin,then were reserved to use.2Consecutively sliced the paraffin-embedded specimens The thicknessof the slices was about4μm. The expression of CHK1and RAD51in thespecimens, including56cases of renal clear cell carcinoma tissues,24casesof peritumoral tissues and12cases of normal tissues, were tested with immunohistochemical P-V assay.3Summarized the positive rates of cells staining The expression ofCHK1, RAD51in renal clear cell carcinoma was analyzed with statisticalanalysis.Results:1The positive rate of CHK1expression in renal clear cell carcinomatissues (69.6%) was more than the peritumoral tissues (20.8%) and normaltissues (33.3%)(P<0.05). There was no difference between the peritumoraltissues and the normal tissues (P>0.05).2The positive rate of RAD51expression in renal clear cell carcinomatissues (58.9%) was higher than the peritumoral tissues (29.2%) and normaltissues (25.0%)(P<0.05). There was no difference between the peritumoraltissues and the normal tissues (P>0.05).3The positive rate of CHK1expression in renal clear cell carcinomatissues had nothing to do with age, gender, metastasis or not (P>0.05) but wasrelated to the clinical stages (P<0.05). Moreover, it had an ascending tendencyaccompanied with the promotion of its clinical stages. There was asignificantly statistical difference of CHK1positive expression amongdifferent pathological grades (P<0.05), and the lower the grade was, the higherthe positive expression rate was.4The positive rate of RAD51expression in renal clear cell carcinomatissues had nothing to do with age, gender, metastasis or not and clinicalstages (P>0.05), but was related to the pathological grades (P<0.05). What'smore, the lower the degree of cells differentiation was, the higher the positiveexpression rate was.5The correlation of constituent ratios and intensities between CHK1and RAD51in renal clear cell carcinoma had not been found (P>0.05).Conclusions:1CHK1and RAD51perhaps played important roles in the generationof renal clear cell carcinoma.2CHK1proteins probably had an effect on the progression of renal clear cell carcinoma.3CHK1and RAD51proteins could be valuable indexes in judging theprognosis of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma.4The correlation between CHK1and RAD51in renal clear cellcarcinoma had not been found.5CHK1and RAD51might be ideal targets for renal carcinomatherapy. |
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