| Ketamine is widely used to induce anesthesia and as a supplement to general anesthesia with analgesic, sedative and anesthetic properties. It has high liposolubility, and can permeation blood-brain barrier quickly. Its action is rather quick, plays its function 1 min after intravenous injection and can be eliminated quickly, so it often administerted by continuous rate infusion; Midazolam is a kind of new BZ ramification with quicker effect, short T1/2, less bad reaction, wide safe range and less inhibition of circulation than other BZs. Single infusion of midazolam is commonly used for induction of general anesthesia and it is recommended to be administerted by tarjet-controlled infusion or continuous rate infusion; Xylazine is aα2-adrenoceptor agonist used widely for sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation in veterinary medicine. Ketamine is widely used in association withα2-adrenoceptor agonist to counteract its unwanted side effects of hypertonus, poor muscle relaxation, and poor quality hallucinatory recovery. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effects of ketamine, xylazine, midazolam combination-Shumianning administered by continuous with microinjections pump, on anesthetic quality, respritory and cardiovesticular systems in dogs without other medicines given before the anesthesia; And determined the concentration in different times to evaluate the effect of concentration on indexes of physiology and anesthetic quality. Objective:Shumianning is a new compound anesthetic for dogs and cats. On the base of intramuscular and intravenous anesthesia, we evaluated the effect of constant rate infusions of Shumianning on cardiopulmonary functions and quality of anesthesia clinical status with microinjections pump in this study. Methods:Eight mongrel dogs were induced with Shumianning 0.05 mL·kg-1, and then received with constant rate infusions of 0.1 mL·(kg·h)-1 for 1 hour using Microinjection Pump. HR, RR, RT, blood pressures, SpO2, PetCO2 and blood gas were measured and the effectiveness of analgesia, sedation and muselerelaxation were observed every five minutes. Results: Anesthesia induced with Shumianning was quick and administered with constant rate infusions of it was smooth and safety in the period of anesthesia. RR, RT, SpO2, PetCO2 and blood gas were not significantly changed during the anesthesia period (P >0.05) compared with preanesthesia. HR and blood pressure were significantly lower than the base value at individual time point (P<0.05), but all parameters were in the normal physiologic range. Conclusion:Induntion anesthesia of Shumianning was quick, the anesthesia period of constant rate infusions was smooth, the stage of surgical anesthesia was long enough, stage of analepsia was short, and cardiopulmonary effects was small, analgesia, sedation and muselerelaxation were good. Apnea, emesis, and salivation were not seen during the period of anesthesia.Experiment II:The Changes of the Plasma Concentration of Shumianing Administered Intravenously by Continuous Rate Infusion Using Microinjection Pump in DogsObjective:Determine the plasma concentrations of Shumianning administered by continuous rate infusion, and evaluate the effect of concentration on indexes of physiology and anesthetic quality. Methods:Six mongrel dogs were induced with Shumianning (0.05 mL·kg)-1, and then received with constant rate infusions of 0.1 mL·(kg·h)-1 for 1 hour Using Microinjection Pump. Then 2 mL blood from the latent vein was collected at 1 min,5 min,10 min,15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min,70 min and 80 min. The plasma concentration of ketamine, midazolam and xylazine were determined with the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results:In the course of Shumianning administered continuous rate infusion, the tendency of the plasma concentration of ketamine, midazolam and xylazine were accordant. The plasma concentration were downtrend in 1～10 min, and began to raise at 15 min, the value reach the top at 30～45 min; from 15 min to 60 min, the value kept stable. The plasma concentration fell rapidly. Conclusion:Shumianning administered by continuous rate infusion Using Microinjection Pump for 1 h, the blood concentration of Shumianning can be stable for about 50 min。Experiment III:The Clinical Application of Shumianing Administered Intravenously by Continuous Rate Infusion Using Microinjection Pump in DogsObjective:To evaluate the effects of constant rate infusions of Shumianning on quality of anesthesia clinical status and security. Method:Twelve mongrel dogs were divided into two groups, one group was received for the strilization, and the other group was received for the external fixation of tibial fractures. Both groups were induced with Shumianning (0.05 mL·kg)-1, and then received with constant rate infusions of Shumianning. Monitoring the processes of both operations, and the onset time of anesthesia, onset time of operetion, time to stop infusion, terminal time of the operation, time to the first movement, time to raise head, time to stand were recorded. HR, RR, RT, blood pressures, SpO2 and PetCO2 were measured and the effectiveness of analgesia, sedation and muscle relaxation were observed every five minutes. Result: Anesthesia with Shumianning in both operations was accompanied by good onset and recovery process. RR, RT, SpO2 and PetCO2 were not significantly changed during the anesthesia period (P>0.05) compared with preanesthesia. HR and blood pressure were significantly lower than the base value at individual time point (P<0.05), but all parameters were in the normal physiologic range. Conclusion:Good anesthetic quality, higher safety, minor cardiorespiratory effects. Operations of stilization and external fixation of tibial fractures can be completed smoothly with constant rate infusions of Shumianning using the microinjection pump without movement. And the period of maintenance anesthesia and recovery was smooth. |
PDF Full Text Request