| Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao is an endemic Lauraceae (Lauraceae) Cinnamomum (Cinnamomum) plant species in China, has been listed as national key protected wild plants II level, which is mainly distributed in Sichuan Yibin, in Hubei,Hunan, Shaanxi,Yunnan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places.It is an important raw material of perfume, medicine, industrial consumer goods and Products of the chemical industry. The ratio of oil is as high as 3.8-4.5% of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves containing abundant 1,8-cineole as high as 58.55%,which is several times higher, compared with 1,8-cineole of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves from Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places, we discuss the antibacterial activity, antifungal activity and antibacterial mechanism of the extraction of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum.We studied the analgesic and anti-nflammatory effects and mechanism of them,which contained effects on the level of PGE2(prostaglandin E2), Hist(Histamine) and 5-HT(5-hydroxy tryptamine).The main results are as follows:1. Extracts were gained from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves:Systematic solvent methode was used to extract crude extracts from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves. The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation.1,8-cineole and Safrole were obtained from essential oil by means of rectification and hydro refining.the residue were extracted by ethanol and fermentation extraction by petroleum,ethyl acetate and N-butanol. The active part of the present invention was different polar parts obtained by extracting and separating Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves,for example, essential oil,1,8-cineole, safrole,the ethanol extract, petroleum extract, ethyl acetate extract, N-butanol extract and water extract. 2. The antibacterial study of extracts from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves on three of the pathogenic bacteria:The antimicrobial activity of essential oil,1,8-cineole,safrole, the ethanol extracts, petroleum extracts, ethyl acetate extracts, N-butanol extracts and water extracts against the Escherichiu coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus, minimum inhibition concent ration (MIC),minimal bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) were determined.Then, time-kill curves of the three bacteria and Ultrastructural observation of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus after exposing to MIC essential oil also performed. In result,when the essential oil,1,8-cineole,safrole,the ethanol extract,petroleum extract, ethyl acetate extract, N-butanol extractand water extract affected on bacterias,the MIC is:Escherichiucoli,3.13ul/ml,6.25ul/ml,12.5ul/ml,31.25mg/ml,>500mg/ml,15.63mg/ml,7.81m g/ml,31.25mg/ml;Sa/monella,6.25ul/ml,6.25ul/ml,6.25ul/ml,31.25mg/ml,31.25mg/ml,3.90mg /ml,15.63mg/ml,31.25mg/ml,6.25ul/ml;Staphylococcus-aureus,6.25ul/ml,625ul/ml,12.5ul/m, 31.25mg/ml,7.81mg/ml,7.81mg/ml,15.63mg/ml,31.25g/ml,and the MBC is:Escherichiu-coli,3.13ul/ml,6.25ul/ml,12.5ul/ml,62.5mg/ml,>500mg/ml,31.13mg/ml,15.63mg/ml,62.5mg/ ml;Salmonella,6.25ul/ml,12.5ul/ml,12.5ul/ml,12.5mg/ml,125mg/ml,7.81mg/ml,31.25mg/ml,6 2.5mg/ml,Staphylococcus-aureus,6.25ul/ml,625ul/ml,12.5ul/ml,62.5mg/ml,15.63mg/ml,15.6 3mg/ml,31.13mg/ml,62.5mg/ml.The activities of it against three of the pathogenic bacteria showed the relation of concentration dependent.After exposing to MIC essential oil 4h the organelles of Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus damaged and some vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm.The results showed the extracts of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum had obvious antibacterial activity and the main active constituents existed in ethyl acetate extracts,N-butanol extracts and essential oil. From the antibacterial activity, the essential oil from the antibacterial activity of the strongest.The study of inhibiting mechanism demonstrated that essential oil mainly damaged cell membranes and Cytoplasmic organelle.3. The antibacterial study of Extracts from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves on 3 strains fungi:The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil,1,8-cineole, safrole, ethanol extracts, petroleum extracts, ethyl acetate extracts,N-butanol extracts and water extracts against Trichophyton mentagrophytes,Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum.MIC was:Trichophytonmentagrophytes,3.13ul/ml,25ul/ml,6.25ul/ml,12.5mg/ml,>50mg/ml,3.125m g/ml,6.25mg/ml,12.5mg/ml;Microsporumcanis,3.125ul/ml,12.5ul/ml,6.25ul/ml,12.5mg/ml, 50mg/ml3.125mg/ml,25mg/ml,>50mg/ml;Microsporumgypseum,3.13ul/ml,25ul/ml,6.25ul/ml ,25mg/ml,>50mg/ml,6.25mg/ml,6.25mg/ml,>50mg/ml;and MFC was:Trichophyton mentag-rophytes,3.13ul/ml,50ul/ml,12.5ul/ml,25mg/ml,>50mg/ml,3.13mg/mL,25mg/ml,50mg/ml;Mic rosporumcanis,3.13ul/ml,25ul/ml,12.Sul/m1,25mg/ml,>50mg/ml,12.5mg/m1,50mg/ml,>50mg/ ml;Microsporumgypseum,3.13ul/ml,50ul/ml12.5ul/ml,50mg/ml,>50mg/ml,12.5mg/ml,25mg/ ml,>50mg/ml. The activities of it against 3 strains fungi showed the strongest bactericidal activity in the early 12 hours, then the bactericidal activity weakened gradually.After exposing to MIC essential oil 24h the nucleus and organelles of 3 strains fungi the structure within the fungi begined to blur and some cell organelles disappeared or disintegrated, while those of the solvent control group remained normally. The results showed the extracts of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum had antifungal activity but petroleum extracts and water extracts. The main active constituents existed in ethyl acetate extracts and essential oil. From the antibacterial activity, the essential oil from the antibacterial activity of the strongest. The study of in-hibiting mechanism demonstrated that essential oil mainly damaged cell membranes and cytoplasmic organelle.4. The analgesic effect of the Extraction of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao:according to the research results mentioned above we chose ethanol extracts,ethyl acetate extracts and essential oil to study the analgesic effects.The writhing test induced with ethanoic acid,and thermal plate test were employed to study the analgesic effects. The results showed that, as for ethanol extract and isolated fraction of acetic ether, significant analgesic effect was observed in writhing method model rather than in hot-plate method. In hot p late test, each dose of essential oil increased the threshold value of pain significantly, especially the high dose group. The number of mouse's writhe caused by glacial acetic acid was reduced by different dose group of essential oil.The results suggested that essential oil, ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate extracts had obvious analgesic effects.5. Study on the anti-inflammation effect of extracts from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao in vito:according to the research results mentioned above we chose ethanol extracts,ethyl acetate extracts and essential oil to study anti-inflammation effect and mechanism.Three kinds of animal models of acute experimental inflammation models were used to examine the antiinflammatory,including the carrageenan induced hind paw edema in rats,0.6% acetic acid-induced inflammatory exudation in the abdominal cavity of mice and Dimethylbenzene-induced mouse ear edema and measure the levels of PGE2(prostaglandin E2), Hist(Histamine),5-HT(5-hydroxy tryptamine) in the carrageenin-induced inflammatory diffusate.We did hematoxylin-Yihong (which was abbreviated to HE) staining at last After ig administration,the extracts from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum produced obvious anti-inflammatory effects in all three kinds of animal models of acute experimental inflammation, reduce the levels the levels of PGE2, Hist.5-HT in the carrageenin-induced inflammatory diffusate and improved the oedema of tissue and reduce the inflammatory cells.Moreove,there were significant diference between the extracts high-dosage group and the model group (P<0.01).The ethanol extracts,ethyl acetate extracts and essential oil had obvious anti-inflammatory efects.This article reviewed on the mechanisms that expressed in:improving inflammation state through depressing the levels of PGE2, Hist and 5-HT, decreasing edema and the inflammatory cells. |
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