| ObjectiveTo understand the current status of the characteristics of mosquito and mosquito borne diseases among the international seamen and operators in Shanghai port, In particularly, through analyzing the mosquito and mosquito borne diseases related knowledge, attitude and behavior between the seamen and the operators, especially between the China mainland seamen and the foreign seamen, to establish the foundation for the risk analyse, policy making and further intervention in China ports.Method1. Quantitative study1.1 Investigation of the seamen A cross-sectional investigation was carried out, the EPIDATA3.1 software was used to enter and check the data, and the spss16.0 software was utilized to analyze the data.1.2 Investigation of the operators A cross-sectional investigation was carried out, the EPIDATA3.1 software and the spss16.0 software was utilized to enter and analyze the data.2. Qualitative studyThe in-depth interviews of the managers of the port and the ship's doctors were carried out.Results1. Quantitative research1.1 the comparative analyse between the seamen and operators There're 511 seamen and 100 operators are involved in this survey. All the seamen are male, among them 77 are from China mainland,434 are foreign seamen. The average age of the seamen is 37, the minimum is 19, the maximum is70, the median is 36, while the average age of the operators is 32, the minimum is 20, the maximum is 46, the median is 32, there is significant difference between them in the average age (t=6.716 P<0.0001). Of all the seamen,78.0% of them have University graduate degree or above, While the counterpart of the operators is 3.0%. There is no person gave the negative answer to their health, what's more, there are 93.9% of the seamen and 70.0% of the operators consider their healthe as good, there is significant difference between them(χ2=60.247 P<0.0001). The average score of the seamen about the knowledge of the mosquito and the mosquito borne diseases is 7.51, the minimum is 0, the maximum is 16, the median is 8, while the full mark is 17; and the average score of the operators about the knowledge of the mosquito and mosquito borne diseases is 5.31, the minimum is 0, the maximum is 12, the median is 5, the score of the seamen is higher than that of the operators, and there is significant difference between them(t=5.969 P<0.0001). The correct rate of the seamen about the relationship between the mosquito and blood-sucking, malaria, yellow fever, cholera, West Nile fever, TB, is higher than that of the operators (36.8% and 12.0%χ2=23.343 P<0.0001; 86.9% and 57.0%χ2=50.610 P<0.0001; 53.2% and 39.0%χ2=6.775 P=0.009; 35.4% and 8.0%χ2=29.434 P<0.0001; 35.2% and 12.0%χ2=20.934 P<0.0001; 50.0% and 41.0%χ2=5.672 P=0.017). As to the correct rate about HIV, HPB, Japanese Encephalitis, Chikungunya fever, there is no significant difference (45.4% and 38.0%χ2=1.858 P=0.173; 38.9% and 32.0%χ2=1.715 P=0.190; 36.8% and 41.0%χ2=0.632 P=0.426; 18.6% and 12.0%χ2=2.515 P=0.113). There is no significant difference among the seamen groups of different education level (F=0.281 P=0.839), while there is also no significant difference among the groups of the operators (F=0.537 P=0.586).21.3% of the seamen got the knowledge from the ship's company, while that of the operators is 21.0%, there is no significant difference between them (χ2=0.005, P=0.941).65.0% of the operators expressed that their health were affected by the mosquito, which is much higher than 17.8% of seamen (χ2=97.962 P<0.0001).37.0% of the seamen would take measures after bitten by the mosquito, and 33.0% of the operators would do so, there is no significant difference (χ2=0.575 P=0.448). And 60.7% of the seamen had taken the vaccination, but only 9.0% of the operators have taken the vaccination, there is significant difference between them (χ2=89.472 P<0.0001).1.2 the comparative analyse between the mainland seamen and the foreign seamen There is no difference between the mainland seamen and the foreign seamen about the percentage of officers (50.6% and 41.2%χ2=2.365 P=0.124). The most line of the mainland seamen are north-east line and south-east line, altogether they are 54.5% of all the lines, while that of the foreign seamen is the south-east-Malacca-the Suez Canal line, there is significant difference among the shipping lines (χ2=150.175 P< 0.0001). And 84.4% of the mainland seamen regarded Shanghai as one of the most wanted ports, while the percentage of the foreigners is 20.3%, much lower than that of mainland seamen (χ2=128.254 P<0.0001). The mainland the foreign seamen have the same correct rate about the knowledge of the relationship between the mosquito and the malaria, yellow fever, HIV, dengue fever, filariasis, West Nile fever, Chikungunya fever, TB (81.8%and 87.8%,χ2=2.046 P=0.153; 62.3% and 51.6%,χ2=3.021 P=0.082; 39.0% and 46.5%,χ2=1.517 P=0.218; 59.7% and 70.0%,χ2=3.537 P=0.060; 28.6% and 27.0%,χ2=0.086 P=0.769; 28.6% and 36.4%,χ2=1.759 P=0.185; 23.4% and 17.7%,χ2=1.372 P=0.241; 44.2% and 55.8%,χ2=3.546 P=0.060). As the correct rate of HPB, bird flu and cholera, that of the foreign seamen is much higher (41.2% and 26.0%,χ2=11.173 P=0.001; 45.2% and 26.0%χ2=9.861 P=0.002; 20.8% and 38.0%,χ2=1.007 P=0.316). The average score of the mainland seamen is 8.04±3.366, while that of the counterpart is 7.42±3.360, the full mark is 17, and there is no significant difference (P=0.137) between them. Those whose time on board is less than 3 months, the average score of the mainland seamen is 5, is lower than that of the foreigners, which is 8.16 (P=0.024). 14.3% of the mainland seamen got the knowledge of the mosquito from their company, while the percentage of the foreign seamen is 22.6%, there is no significant difference (χ2=2.681 P=0.102).87% of the mainland seamen expressed that there are mosquito killing equipments on board, that is higher than 73.3% of the foreign seamen (χ2=6.647 P=0.010). And 64.9% of the mainland seamen have the mosquito killing equipments in the cabin, while the 44.5% of the foreign seamen do so, there is significant diference (χ2=10.982 P=0.001). And 58.5% of the foreign seamen would take preventive measures before going ashore, the percentage is higher than that of the mainland seamen, which is 32.5%(χ2=17.914 P<0.0001).96.1% of the mainland seamen would eliminate it when finding the mosquito, is higher than 83.6% of the foreign seamen (χ2=8.203 P=0.004).65.4% of the foreign seamen took the vaccination, is higher than that of the mainland seamen, which is 33.9%(χ2=27.490 P <0.0001).2. Qualitative researchThe managers of the ports are short of the knowledge of the mosquito and the mosquito-borne diseases, while they are not aware of the threat of the mosquito, though they would take some measure in the ports to prevent the mosquito, but there are no more effective preventive measures. As to the doctor on board, their knowledge of the mosquito and mosquito borne disease is better than that of the managers, and they have the sense of the threat of the mosquito, the sense of crisis, and the preventive measures are also better. However, they should learn more knowledge and take more measures.ConclusionThe seamen and operators of Shanghai port are lack of the knowledge of mosquito and the mosquito borne diseases, the education and training should be enhanced to help them form the beneficial conduct. |
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