Effects Of N,P,K Fertilization Levels On Yield Of Copperleaf And Gallic Acid Content

Abstract Copperleaf(Acalypha australis L.)is an annual herb varieties of EuphorbiaceaeAcalypha and used as a folk medicine in the South Chinese. It has efficacy of antifebrilem,detoxifcation, dispelling dampness, remove stagnated food, convergency, hemostasia, etc.However, this herb is wild collection up to now. To provide theoretical support and technicalguidance for fertilization of copperleaf artificial cultivation, the effects of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P),potassium (K) on yields and gallic acid content of copperleaf is study in thisstudy.The gallic acid content of dry copperleaf by air-drying at45℃is0.68mg/g, the same asthe samples drying by sun and1.13times the samples drying in the shade (0.60mg/g). It isobviously that air-drying at45℃and sun drying is both feasible for the drying of copperleaf。The gallic acid content in copperleaf leaf, root and stem were2.01mg/g,0.81mg/g and0.61mg/g, respectively. The level of gallic acid in the leaf is2.481times that in the root and3.295times that in stem. The appropriate harvesting and medicine site of copperleaf is thewhole plant which gives a comprehensive consideration of the gallic acid content in differentparts of copperleaf.Significant differences of the copperleaf yields, dry wet ratio and gallic acid contentwere observed among different N fertilization levels. When the N fertilization level is N3(180mg/kg), the yield of copperleaf is the most high, and the wet yields, dry yields anddrying rate were16.954g,58.954gand27.7%, respectively. When compared with CK, the datawere increased by70.20%,41.95%and15.42%, respectively. While the N fertilization levelwas N2(120mg/kg), the levels of gallic acid content was1.35mg/g, which was4.5times thatof CK. When the N fertilization level was N3(180mg/kg), the quality and yield of copperleafis obvious high that of CK and other treatments, and which is the best N fertilization level forartificial cultivation of copperleaf.The P fertilization levels had significant effects on the copperleaf yields, dry wet ratioand gallic acid content. The yield of copperleaf is highest when the P fertilization level isP4(160mg/kg), and the wet yields, dry yields and drying rate were15.134g,54.244g,27.9%,and which were higher than those of CK70.20%,41.95%and15.42%, respectively. The levelof gallic acid content was0.69mg/g when the P fertilization level is P3(120mg/kg), which was4.7times that of CK. From the quality and yield of copperleaf in different P fertilizationlevels, we could find that P3(120mg/kg)and P4(160mg/kg)fertilization level significantlyhigher than that in the control group and the other of P fertilization level, the P fertilizationlevel for copperleaf is120-160mg/kg.The K fertilizer levels had significant effects on the quality and yield of copperleaf also.The copperleaf had the highest output as the K fertilizer level is K3(150mg/kg), and the wetyields, dry yields and drying rate were15.786g,53.878g,29.3%, respectively. The data ishigher than those of CK64.43%,29.73%and22.08%, respectively. With the P fertilization ofK2(100mg/kg), the gallic acid content of copperleaf was2.58mg/g, and which was8.6timesthat of CK. From the quality and yield of copperleaf which cultivated with different Kfertilizer levels, it is obviously that K2(100mg/kg) is the appropriate level of K fertilizer levelfor copperleaf.The results show that the suitable fertilization level of nitrogen, phosphorus,potassiumfor artificial cultivation of copperleaf is180mg/kg,120-160mg/kg and100mg/kg,respectively.