| In this research, we use conservation tillage,organic fertilizer and balenced fertilizing method to study the best way of tillageing and fertilizing for sipping farmland as sloping farmland was studied.Five treatments:routine rotary tillage, corn stubble mulching, deep sub-soiling, residue mulching plus manure and deep sub-soiling plus manure, in which all treatments used equal rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, were set to study the changes of physical, chemical and biological properties of sloping farmland soil and suitable tillage methods under different tillage methods and fertilizer application.The results showed that the tillage methods were the most influencing factor on the physical properties of the tested soil. Soil moisture of the treatment with residue mulching was relatively higher than other treatments during the growing season of maize. In prophase and metaphase of growing season of maize, this treatment kept moisture notably higher then other trearments. The routine treatment has the lowest field water capacity (FWC) of the five treatments after the middle growing season of maize. The treatment with residue mulching can remarkedly improve the FEC of the test soil.The treatment with residue mulching remarkably reduced the temperature difference between the upperlayer and the underlayer. Residue mulching on the soil's surface prevented sunlight emission so the soil surface temperature decreased and the rate of burgeon decreased subsequently.Tillage had some effect on soil chemical characteristics during the whole growing season of maize. The available nitrogen (AN) changed a lot during the whole growing season of corn. Soil AN decreased after the growing season for the routine treatment compared to an increase in AN for the other treatments. The AN of residue of mulching increased significantly than the other treatments with the highest AN level. The labile phosphorus (LP) for all treatments followed the rising firstly then falling secondly. Residue mulching treatment remarkably increased the labile phosphorus. In the heavy rainfall season, labile potassium of residue mulching treatment was remarkably higher than that of routine treatment. In the light rainfall season, soil labile K had no significant difference for all treatments. After the maturity of corn, labile K had not change a lot and deep subsoiling had a slightly higher content of labile K then other treatments. Application of manure could increase the soil organic matter efficiently. Application of manure can hardly alter the properties of the tested soil, but since the period of application of manure is short, we need a longer study on the effect of manure.The balenced fertilizing study of maize showed that the (optimal treatment,OPT) treatment can improve the output of maize, and the OPT treatment minus N also act well as the tested soil is not lack of N, the treament minus element K showed lowest output and showed a great discrepancy with OPT treatment on the level of 1%; The balenced fertilizing study of soybean showed that the OPT treatment has a great superiority than other treatments, and the OPT treatment minus B also act well as the tested soil is not lack of B, the treament minus element K showed lowest output and showed a great discrepancy with OPT treatment on the level of 5%, remnant treatment did not show great variance.In summary, residue mulching behaved very well at improving the soil physical and chemical characteristics, but its yield output is relatively lower, so its economical benefit is lower. Application of manure can improved the soil physical and chemical characteristics but increased the expenditure, so its economical benefits is not distinct. We need a longer study on the effect of manure and residue mulching. The OPT act reasonably well on each indication of both balenced studies of maize and soybean and the outputs are 473kg/mu and 128.75kg/mu respectively. |
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