Plant Nutrition And Soil Fertility Of Fuji Apple Orchards In Baishui County

Shaanxi Provine is one of the famous apple-producing Provine in the world, and the acreages and yields of apple plantation are all the first place in China. Weibei plateau region is the world famous apple eugenics area, with its output a dominant position in the province. And Baishui County is very famous for apple production and growing in Weibei Plateau.In order to clarify the status of fertilization, yield, soil nutrients and plant nutrients in orchards of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province at present, investigations on basic conditions and managements of water and fertilizer in orchards were conducted in Baishui counties in Dukang town, Yaohe town, Lingao town, Fenglei town, Leiya town, Beijingtou town, Zongmu town and Shoushui town which were the main areas for apple productions in Baishui County. Soil samples between 0 to 40 cm in 89 typical orchards were collected and measured to research the status of soil nutrients and plant nutrients. Finally, recommended rate and method for fertilizer application were provided to farmers to improve quality of apple in Baishui County.The main results are as folows:1. Through the analysis of fertilization and production of apple in Baishui County, The results showed that the highest yield of Fuji apple was 135 t·hm^-2 and the lowest yield was 5.63 t·hm^-2 in Baishui county, there was a large difference among the regions; There were insufficient and excessive in the apple orchards by the analysis of the orchards fertilization. The chemical fertilizer of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O accounted for more than 80% in the total fertilizer application. The average applications fertilizer rate of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O proportion was 1:0.75:0.58. The main method of fertilizer application in Fuji apple orchards was base fertilizer. N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in base fertilizer accounted for 76.9%, 81.1%, 79% in the total nutrients provide. The main problems of the Fuji apple orchards on fertilization in Baishui County were as follows: apple yield had a large potential for improvement; the nutrient inputs was low and there were many differences among the regions; organic fertilzer application rate was low which can not supplied the growth needs of Fuji apple; most of the Fuji apple orchards yield were low; it was not balance between in base and top dressing fertilizer.2. 89 soil samples was analysised. The result shows that the content of soil organic matter was 12.12 g·kg^-1 between 0 to 40 cm, and it was normal as a whole. Meanwhile, the average of NO₃-N was 55.92 mg·kg^-1 higher than normal, and NO₃-N ranged from 0.001 mg·kg^-1 to 262.27 mg·kg^-1. Available P was normal with a large fluctuation, and nearly half of the orchards were at a low level of soil available P content. It was surveyed that 98.9% of the orchard soil potassium were above the average. It was showed that the available K in the Fuji apple orchards in Baishui county was generally high. Soil available Zn and Mn were generally low, but available Cu and Fe content were normal in the whole orchards.3. The content of N, K and Fe in leaves of Fuji apple trees in Baishui County were higher, and more than 90% orchards were amomg in the range of appropriate concentration. But the content of P and Ca in leaves of Fuji apple trees in Baishui County were very low, less than 10% orchards were in normal. Variation coefficient of Cu content in leaves was 103.53%. By DRIS method, the micor-elements were preferred to provide to the orchards, and macro-elements were final provided to the orchards.4. The organic fertility was not less than 100 kg per plant for Fuji apple in Baishui county. The chemical fertilizer of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O for mature trees were from 0.95 to 1.2 kg per plant, from 0.75 to 0.80 kg·per plant, from 0.5 0 to 0.6 kg per plant. The ratio of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P₂O₅), potassium (K₂O) nutrient inputs was 1:0.75:0.5. Base fertilizer was applied in the fall, and top dressing was applied in May and June under the conditions of a small amount of irrigation.