| Bagongshan is located to the south of Shou County, Huainan, Anhui, and 2.5 kilometers from the county, in Battle of Fei River south, Huai River north, although the mountains are not so high, which rise amid ups and downs, with secluded valley, lush forests, and delightful scenery. Now turn into National Forest Park. The geological heritage and landscape of Bagongshan is about 23 square kilometers, and there are Upper Precambrian system and Cambrian system of stratigraphic column in the park, where located to the west of Huainan, Anhui. It is the transition zone of the subtropical zone and the temperate zone, mean annual temperature is 15.3℃, the average annual frost-free period 235 days, and average annual precipitation is 969 millimeters. The peak height of Bagongshan is 100 to 200 meters in between; the lowest elevation is above 20 to 40 meters above sea level.The author tested the field investigation of Bagongshan four times from April to May and September to November in 2009 in Huainan City. Having collected 4 sample plots in each niche in four typical habitats, took 16 samples of soil, the total volume of the soil 250×20cm3×16, the total number of acquisitioned different kinds of soil macrofauna is 820 by the method of hand-picking, these soil macrofauna is belong to 3 phyla,8 classes, and 17 Orders. The concrete conclusions of this research are as follows:1. The group number of soil animals in Bagongshan are given and studied by investigation statistics. Among which the former kinds were the Coleoptera larvae (27.07%),Hymenoptera(17.80%),Oligochaeta plesiopora(16.09%),Isopoda(10.98%);The common groups were Scolopendromorpha (7.80%),Hemiptera (4.39%),Lepidoptera(2.93%),Stylommatophora (2.93%),Araneida (2.80%),Orthoptera(2.32%); other biome constituted under 1.00% of the total number. The number of individuals of four dominant species tally accounting for 71.94%of the sum individuals, four dominant species and six common groups are accounting for 95.11% of the sum individuals, they form a main part of soil macrofauna by statistics, which plays decisive function in the features of soil macrofauna community and Ecology.2.To use the following 5 composite index to study the diversity of Soil macrofauna in Bagongshan, which are diversity index,evenness index,dominance index,community similarity index,and Quadrat index. From richness index,dominance index,diversity index,and evenness index of different levels of species to analyze the diversity of geobiont in Bagongshan. The results are:①the composition of soil macrofauna community is different in different living conditions, an d the main impact factors are ripening degree of soil,anthropogenic factors,moisture content,soil hardness,and plant cover.②the diversity index of geobiont is different in different vegetation types, diversity index of vegetation living conditions II is the highest, it showed that a higher composition diversity of plant community and the diversity of geobiont is also higher.③The vertical distribution of geobiont showed a clear sign of surface accumulation, the distribution of the gebiont in the soils that beneath the topsoil about 10 cm is declines sharply; it is correspondence with research of other scholars.④In different types of Ecological niche, similarities of Kazad's coefficient is the highest in nicheⅡ,nicheⅢ,and nicheⅣ, from analyze the soil formation, The more similar the components of different soils, the more similar geobiont distribution. This clearly illustrates that under the similar earthy condition circumstances, the distribution of geobiont is diffusive random distribution in toplgraphical regions, and the low migration force of geobiont is a factor that restrict the distribution of geobiont.⑤geobiont diversity index is not only related to richness, but evenness index, this is why the tendency of diversity index,evenness index,richness index are different in different niches. |
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