Research On Multi-Agent-Based Fire Scene Evacuation Simulation At High-Rised Building

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, the process of urbanization has been speeded up, a variety of high-rise buildings continually emerge in our lives. How to successfully evacuate people from the fire scenes of high-rise buildings has become a hot area of the field of public safety and the important issue needs to be considered at the design stage of high-rise buildings.The process of evacuation from high-rise buildings usually involves a large number of people, organizing field trials of this size not only cost a lot of money, but more important is that psychological situations of people involved in these kind of trials are difficult to achieve to the true situations. Therefore, computer simulation is a relative economic and effective method when related to the researches of evacuation process at the fire scenes of high-rise buildings.The entire process of evacuation from the fire scenes of high-rise buildings is a quite complicated process since the characters of people involved in this process is different, all attribute values such as energy, mood and age are not the same, every individual carries out actions in accordance with their own decision-makings and every individual's actions will generate impacts on other persons. The use of traditional mathematical methods of cannot achieve the assignment of simulation of this process. A micro-model which could simulate individual behaviors should be used to make modeling.At the base of summarizing various micro-models, this article chosen Multi-Agent-based approach to establish fire scene evacuation model for high-rise buildings. The model sets up two types of Agent:the first is evacuees Agent, the second is flame and smoke Agent. We can set up various evacuees Agents including different ages, energies, and "characters" through evacuees Agent's input box in accordance with the needs of researchers. Evacuees Agent can represent the characteristics of people involved in the fire scenes, such as autonomous, reactive, goal-orientated and learning, and can reflect the interactions and mutual influences between evacuee Agents. Flame and smoke Agent in the model can simulate the spread behavior flames and smokes. Developing simulation system based on the model set up through the Multi-Agent-based approach for the fire scene evacuation in high-rise buildings. Researchers can simulate the process of fire scene evacuation in high-rise buildings through this system. Researchers can use this system to control and adjust various values including fire-risen floor, building layout, the number, the composition, the characters of people involved at the fire scene, the number of points of origin, the spread of flames and smokes.In this paper, using simulation system makes a sample fire scene evacuation simulation in a 6-storey commercial office. Researchers can get a lot of useful output data through simple simulation, such as evacuee Agent's energy value and emotional value change before and after the evacuation, the evacuation time, and so on.Based on the sample simulation, conducted totally 8 controlled trials. Through the analysis of the results of this eight controlled trials, we can draw following conclusions:the lower the fire-risen floor, the more the number of original fire points, the faster the fire spreading, the more difficulties in evacuation; A fire barrier floor should be established so as to avoid significant loss of personnel and property when fire happens at lower floors. People who familiar with building structure and the location of exits should share their information with more people in order to reduce the number of persons who carry out random operation, reduce the degree of congestion of a particular export, shorten the overall evacuation time. As for the people who work or study at high-rised buildings, fire safety education should be strengthened so that they can make their best efforts to familiar with their own environment, particularly, the location of exits. As for the help offered by persons who has enough energy to persons who lack of energy, it is recommended that it should be considered carefully. This is because although more people willing to share energy to other can reduce the number of deaths, but it is at the expense of the cost of evacuation time.