Nonlinear Optical Fiber Interferometer And Its Applications

In this dissertation, relevant theories of conventional optical fiber are explained first. A basic equation which governs propagation of optical pulse in single-fibers is obtained on the basis of the Maxwell's Equations, and analyses are conducted over the factors and circumstances of optical pulse propagation in optical fiber. One way to solvle the basic equation is the Split-Step Fourier Method, so we explain this method in detail.The Principles of Sagnac and Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometers are discussed, and then the applications of this two interferometers are introduced.The newly method of ultra-short soliton generation through higher-order soliton compression in a nonlinear optical loop mirror constructed from dispersion-decreasing fiber is researched. First, we discuss this situation in which fundamental soliton is generated from the compression of the 6 order soliton. Then study the influence of the shape of input optical pulses, the initial chirp of optical pulses, and the high order effects of optical. We find that the output pulse is insensitive to this factors. Finally, we study the performance of fiber loop constructed from GVD step-decreasing fiber. The result is that this device performs very well.In order to amplify and compress the optical pulse simultaneously, the fiber loop constructed from Er-doped optical fiber is proposed. This device can be classified as gain-lumped and gain-distributed by the different place of the amplifier. The gain-distributed fiber loop performs better than the gain-lumped fiber loop in compressing the optical pules.Finally, we discuss the performance of Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer to generate the fundamental soliton through the compression of a high order soliton. By changing the length of the arms of the device, the symmetry can be broken, the pulse similar to the fundamental soliton can be achieved.