Order And Freedom: The Theory And Practice Of Civil Society Study

Modern times, ever since its very beginning, has witnessed the manifestation of human society in terms of Civil Society. This social form, by its existence, meets the demands of both freedom and order in human socie-ty, solving the problems in interpersonal communication. This paper focuses on the study of theory and practice of western Civil Society, to enable the full understanding in modernization of Chinese society. The transformation of mod-ernization involves many factors, among which spiritual resources of mankind, namely, traditional culture, international economy, politics and culture are supposed to be strictly examined by all members in intellectual circles. Only in this way can intellectual secure their properties theoretically infromative and literally instructive via offering proper answers to the questions of "Be" or "To Be" of Civil Society. As a part of driving forces in the construction of Chinese Civil Society, the intellectual serve to guarantee the quality of a developed Chinese Civil Society via their sensible interpretation of reality and valid output of theory. For the social conflicts and the social problems of the transforming society, the writer uses the conception of social capital from a macro point of view on these causes of conflicts and problems, also pointed out that effective measures to enhance social capital in transition will not only help to solve the social problems will also contribute significantly to the improvement of Civil Society. Although comparing to other social forms, Civil Society has a great advantage, but it still can not avoid its own inherent defects, which is both the reality of human nature and the reality of human existence. Therefore, critical for modernity will help us a profound understanding of the inherent shortcomings of Civil Society.The text is divided into eight parts:The first part is an introduction. This section includes the significance of the topics and content review, the relevant definition, and methodology of the problem and so on.PartⅡexamines the theory and practice of Western Civil Society so that we can get a frame of reference.The third part outlines the modern history of China, examining the bloo-ming of modernity in China which triggered by profound historical change and the corresponding consequences.In the fourth part, the writer tries to review the China's national image as an outsider in the era of globalization, in order to obtain a more objective and rational self-evaluation, and further deepen the mutual understanding between different cultures. The fifth part is from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge. Theauthor discusses the social role of intellectuals and the contemporary Chinese intellectual discourse of modernity.PartⅦdiscusses the historical mission of Chinese Civil Society, the causes of social problems in transition and how to build China's Civil Society.Part VII is focused on the criticism of modernity to highlight the inhere-nt defects that may exist in Civil Society.PartⅧis the closing remarks.