Diabetes Diabetes And Eliminate Hate Of Syndrome Elements Distribution

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by a defect in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance that result in the increase in plasma glucose level. In Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), DM belongs to the disease category "Xiaoke". With the improvement in living standards, the change of living pace and diet habits, the prevalence of DM is rapidly increasing. Statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) has shown that the number of diabetic patients in China has reached 91,000,000, ranking the first in the world. Persistent hyperglycemia can lead to many complications including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and peripheral vascular disease, seriously affecting the quality of life of diabetic patients and thus, the human life and health. At present, because of the difference in the understanding of DM by the experts who are from different TCM specialties and view it from different perspectives, the TCM experts fail to reach a consensus on the standardization of syndrome differentiation, disease stage differentiation and disease type differentiation. As a result the relevant literature lacks comparability and this affects the exchange of clinical knowledge and also causes difficultly in the research of semiology.In this study of Symptom Complex, Professor Lv Renhe's staging of DM was used as the standard. The study focuses on the distribution pattern of syndrome elements at different stages of DM, and the relationship between syndromes and stages. The clinical data collected from diabetic patients will be analyzed by using relevant statistical tools to provide a convincing and objective conclusion.In this study,90 cases of type 2 DM were collected. The most frequently seen Deficiency Syndromes are Yin Deficiency and Yang Deficiency, and in Sthenic Syndromes, Blood Stasis Syndrome and Dryness-Heat Syndrome. In Xiaoke period, Yin Deficiency and Qi Deficiency rank tops in Deficiency Syndrome, Blood Stasis Syndrome and Dryness-Heat Syndrome in Sthenic Syndromes. In Xiaodan period, Yin Deficiency Syndrome and Yang Deficiency Syndrome present most in Deficiency Syndromes, Blood stasis Syndrome and Dryness-Deat Syndrome seen most in Sthenic Syndrome. The majority of syndrome composition in both Xiaoke and Xiaodan period is Deficiency and Excess Complex Syndrome. In Xiaoke period, single and dual syndromes are seen most; in Xiaodan period, dual and triple syndromes dominate.The conclusions of the study are as follows:1. Blood Stasis Syndrome, Yin Deficiency Syndrome, Dryness-Heat Syndrome, Yang Deficiency syndrome and Qi Deficiency Syndrome are common. In Xiaoke period, Qi Deficiency Syndrome and Yin Deficiency Syndrome present mostly in Original Deficiency Syndromes, Blood Stasis Syndrome and Dryness-Heat Syndrome mainly in Superficial Excess Syndrome. This indicates that the pathogenesis of Internal Heat Damaging Yin, Qi-Yin Deficiency, and Blood Stasis exist in Xiaoke period. In Xiaodan period, Yin Deficiency Syndrome and Yang Deficiency Syndrome present mostly in Original Deficiency Syndrome, Blood Stasis Syndrome and Dryness-Heat Syndrome in Superficial Excess Syndrome. This indicates that Deficiency of Both Yin and Yang, and Blood Stasis exist in the pathogenesis of Xiaodan period. The number of combinations of syndromes in Xiaodan period is greater than in Xiaoke period, suggesting that the pathogenesis of Xiaodan period is more complicated.2. Yin Deficiency Syndrome differs significantly in the Xiaoke and Xiaodan period, indicates that Yin Deficiency Syndrome and the development of Xiaodan period are closely related, thus proves that the pathogenesis of Internal Heat Damaging Yin. Blood Stasis Syndrome is found commonly in Xiaoke and Xiaodan periods. Thus it indicates that the pathogenesis of Blood Stasis plays an important role in the disease progression in both periods. This suggests that the treatment of DM should focus on promoting blood circulation.3. Certain limitations are found in this study:small sample size, focused group of patients and a retrospective study. The data collected lacks generalizability, thus cannot fully represent the distribution pattern of the syndromes. Therefore, we still need more study and discussion on the clinical semiology of diabetes mellitus.