Research On Pollution Characters And Phase Distribution Of Heavy Metal And Pahs From Yangshan Port

Harbor is where connect sea and land, is the integrated logistics center,which development is the mark of of city economy. Yangshan port is one of the biggest harbor with best condition of water depth all over the world, it has become a important external point of Shanghai even China. In 2013, when Shanghai FTA has been approved, Yangshan port is endowed with more responsibilities and expectations. However, with the development of the economy of harbor and sea area nearby, the problem of environmental pollution was gradually appearing. As the typical contaminants in port sea area, heavy metals and PAHs discharged into the sea in many approach, such as marine antifouling coatings, fuel, oil spill and so on, lead to the environmental pollution, at the same time, influence of human body health by the food chain. In this study, the main research area is intertidal area and route in Yangshan Port, monitoring the heavy metals and PAHs in dissolved water, suspended particles, sediments and marine animals,discussed the distribution pattern of contaminants in each phase in depth, evaluated the degree of pollution, and early warning monitoring had done by biomarkers and in vitro toxicity detection technology in sea area. As follows the main conclusions:(1) Surface water of Yangshan Port area was meet the water quality of the port state requirements, however the concentration is higher than the surrounding waters and others domestic port,Hg is the most serious contaminants in sea area, on spatial distribution, the pollution degree of intertidal area site is higher than the surrounding site navigation. Sediments of Yangshan Port area was meet the water quality of the port state requirements, however the concentration is higher than the others port in the world, Hg is the most serious contaminants, there are 67% and 50% exceed the threshold of TEL by Cd and Cu respectively, and would lead to some ecological risk. Cd and Hg of site 4,6 are seriously Contamination in Suspended particles, The principal component analysis showed that the content of heavy metals in suspended particles affected by dissolved phase was higher than sediments, as the sink of Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Hg, suspended particles would adsorp heavy metals although it was in ahigh level concentration, as the high content of suspended particles in Yangshan port Area,in water phase,there is more than 80% Cu and Pb with suspended phase,and the contaminants in suspended particles was higher than sediment,then the suspended particles was the main medium of heavy metals in Yangshan Port. Cu and Zn were the highest contaminants of marine animals in the intertidal zone,and Cu and Hg were the highest enrichment. Cu and Pb in animals’ body come from dissolved phase, and Cd and Zn come from both dissolved phase and suspended particles, Hg was main exist in the soluble part, The others were on the contrary, Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn was main exist in the insoluble part, As and Hg were on the contrary, the distribution is difference by different species, nodilittorina exigua can be used to monitor the bioavailability in sea water, there is no relationship between MTs of Ostrea cucullata and medium environmental contaminants, based on the heavy metals, the risk evaluation showed that it was safe to eat the muscle of Ostrea cucullata properly.(2)The range of ΣPAHs in Surface dissolved water in the Yangshan Port intertidal zone is 111-860 ng/L,which in suspended particles is 120-11452 ng/g dw,it was more seriously contamination than the port sea area abroad,the contamination of site 5 and 6 which located in the north of Xiaoyangshan Island was more than south site, suspended PAHs took ratio of 85% for water phase, it was higher than dissolved phase,the dissolved PAHs were mainly of LMW,and suspended particles were almost the same proportion of LMW and HMW,the PAHs is water phase was come from petroleum contamination, and caused by human activities in harbor. The range of ΣPAHs in sediments is 121-783 ng/g dw, it was more lightly contamination than the port sea area abroad and there was not ecological risk, it was more lightly contamination than suspended particles in this paper, too, but following the same spatial distribution pattern, the PAHs in sediments were mainly of LMW, and come from combustion except site 2. The range of ΣPAHs in Ostrea cucullata in the Yangshan Port intertidal zone is 1057-29319 ng/g dw,it was 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than other regions, PAHs were mainly of HMW and there was a significant correlation by water phase, based on PAHs,there is no relationship between the EROD of Ostrea cucullata and medium environmental contaminants, the risk evaluation showed that It was a serious cancer risks to eat the Ostrea cucullata in Yangshan Port.